BIOL 235
BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam Study
Questions and Answers UPDATED 2025
between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? -
Correct Answers ✔-Origin
What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? -Correct Answers ✔-
specific movements of the body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions
of the origin and insertion of a muscle are switched
What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? -Correct Answers
✔-if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only
a small about of effort is needed to move the load
Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever -Correct Answers
✔-fulcrum
Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________
muscles -Correct Answers ✔-contract, relax
What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? -
Correct Answers ✔-synergists
What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? -
Correct Answers ✔-Compartment
Origin an insertion of the masseter -Correct Answers ✔-Origin = maxilla and
zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
What is the origin of the deltoid ? -Correct Answers ✔-acromial extremity of
clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
BIOL 235
,BIOL 235
What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? -Correct Answers ✔-
semimebranosous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? -Correct Answers ✔-rectus femoris, vastus
lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis
What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of
neuron cell bodies? -Correct Answers ✔-Ganglia
The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles -Correct
Answers ✔-skeletal
Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
-Correct Answers ✔-Sympathetic
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? -
Correct Answers ✔-electrical excitability
What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm
ally found in brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons? -Correct Answers ✔-
Multipolar
What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily
found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? -Correct
Answers ✔-Bipolar
What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a
continuous process that emerges from the cell body? -Correct Answers ✔-Unipolar
or Pseudounipolar
The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the
pia mater -Correct Answers ✔-astrocytes
BIOL 235
, BIOL 235
What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support
neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory -Correct Answers ✔-Astrocytes
What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as
well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? -Correct Answers
✔-Oligodendrocytes
What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like
projections as well as act as phagocytes? -Correct Answers ✔-Microglial Cells
What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer
that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in
the circulation of CSF -Correct Answers ✔-Ependymal Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? -Correct Answers ✔-Schwann and
satellite cells
What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? -Correct
Answers ✔-lower motor neurons
What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases -Correct Answers ✔-
Resting membrane potential
BIOL 235
BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam Study
Questions and Answers UPDATED 2025
between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? -
Correct Answers ✔-Origin
What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? -Correct Answers ✔-
specific movements of the body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions
of the origin and insertion of a muscle are switched
What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? -Correct Answers
✔-if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only
a small about of effort is needed to move the load
Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever -Correct Answers
✔-fulcrum
Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________
muscles -Correct Answers ✔-contract, relax
What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? -
Correct Answers ✔-synergists
What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? -
Correct Answers ✔-Compartment
Origin an insertion of the masseter -Correct Answers ✔-Origin = maxilla and
zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
What is the origin of the deltoid ? -Correct Answers ✔-acromial extremity of
clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
BIOL 235
,BIOL 235
What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? -Correct Answers ✔-
semimebranosous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? -Correct Answers ✔-rectus femoris, vastus
lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis
What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of
neuron cell bodies? -Correct Answers ✔-Ganglia
The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles -Correct
Answers ✔-skeletal
Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
-Correct Answers ✔-Sympathetic
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? -
Correct Answers ✔-electrical excitability
What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm
ally found in brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons? -Correct Answers ✔-
Multipolar
What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily
found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? -Correct
Answers ✔-Bipolar
What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a
continuous process that emerges from the cell body? -Correct Answers ✔-Unipolar
or Pseudounipolar
The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the
pia mater -Correct Answers ✔-astrocytes
BIOL 235
, BIOL 235
What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support
neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory -Correct Answers ✔-Astrocytes
What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as
well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? -Correct Answers
✔-Oligodendrocytes
What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like
projections as well as act as phagocytes? -Correct Answers ✔-Microglial Cells
What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer
that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in
the circulation of CSF -Correct Answers ✔-Ependymal Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? -Correct Answers ✔-Schwann and
satellite cells
What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? -Correct
Answers ✔-lower motor neurons
What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases -Correct Answers ✔-
Resting membrane potential
BIOL 235
