BIOL 235
BIOL 235 final Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers Graded A 2025
Erythrocytes contain the enzyme -Correct Answers ✔-carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes -Correct Answers ✔-the conversion of metabolically
produced C)2 and water into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages -Correct Answers ✔-remove most old erythrocytes
from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages -Correct Answers ✔-narrow capillaries
of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside -Correct Answers ✔-in
the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells -Correct Answers ✔-continuously divide and develop
myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of
blood cells
emigration or diapedesis -Correct Answers ✔-The process of leukocytes squeezing
through the capillary endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins -Correct Answers ✔-genetically-determined glycoprotein and
glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte
ESV -Correct Answers ✔-volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been
completed
Increase in ESV when -Correct Answers ✔-stroke volume is decreased
BIOL 235
,BIOL 235
Three cations with important effect on heart function -Correct Answers ✔-K+,
Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ -Correct Answers ✔-blocks Ca2+ inflow and
decreases force of contraction
Excess in K+ -Correct Answers ✔-blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx -Correct Answers ✔-serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains
tonsils, directs air flow inferiorly
larynx -Correct Answers ✔-passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound
production
paranasal sinuses -Correct Answers ✔-resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces -Correct Answers ✔-opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus -Correct Answers ✔-carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole -Correct Answers ✔-carries air directly into a respiratory
bronchiole
pleural membranes -Correct Answers ✔-surround the lungs
surfactant -Correct Answers ✔-reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli -Correct Answers ✔-actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea -Correct Answers ✔-normal, quiet breathing
BIOL 235
,BIOL 235
costal breathing -Correct Answers ✔-shallow breathing using just the external
intercostal muscles
compliance -Correct Answers ✔-amount of effort required to expand the lungs and
chest wall
inspiratory capacity -Correct Answers ✔-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve
volume, usually about 3600 mL in males
vital capacity -Correct Answers ✔-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume +
expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males
functional residual capacity -Correct Answers ✔-residual volume + expiratory
reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males
Henry's law -Correct Answers ✔-states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in
a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Bohr effect -Correct Answers ✔-when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin
decreases
Dalton's law -Correct Answers ✔-each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own
partial pressure
medulla oblongata -Correct Answers ✔-sets basic rhythm of breathing
pons -Correct Answers ✔-includes the pontine respiratory group
Blood is -Correct Answers ✔-a connective tissue that consists of blood plasma
(liquid) plus formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Whole blood -Correct Answers ✔-blood plasma and formed elements
BIOL 235
, BIOL 235
Blood plasma -Correct Answers ✔-proteins, water, other solutes
Blood plasma proteins -Correct Answers ✔-albumins (54%), globulins (36%),
fibrinogens (7%)
Formed elements -Correct Answers ✔-red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Blood cell production -Correct Answers ✔-hemopoesis, mainly occurs in red bone
marrow after birth
Reticulocyte -Correct Answers ✔-from proerythrocyte, ejects nucleus
Average lifespan of an erythrocyte -Correct Answers ✔-120 days
Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells -Correct Answers ✔-equals the rate of
RBC destruction by macrophages
Emigration or diapedesis is -Correct Answers ✔-the process by which phagocytic
cells leave blood vessels
WBCs use to destroy pathogens -Correct Answers ✔-lysozyme, defensins, and
certain anions
Neutrophils -Correct Answers ✔-are usually the first and most numerous
responders to an infection
Macrophages -Correct Answers ✔-react more slowly to an infection than
neutrophils do
Pluripotent stem cells are derived from -Correct Answers ✔-mesenchyme
Megakaryoblasts -Correct Answers ✔-platelet precursor cells, develop into
megakaryocytes
BIOL 235
BIOL 235 final Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers Graded A 2025
Erythrocytes contain the enzyme -Correct Answers ✔-carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes -Correct Answers ✔-the conversion of metabolically
produced C)2 and water into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages -Correct Answers ✔-remove most old erythrocytes
from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages -Correct Answers ✔-narrow capillaries
of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside -Correct Answers ✔-in
the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells -Correct Answers ✔-continuously divide and develop
myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of
blood cells
emigration or diapedesis -Correct Answers ✔-The process of leukocytes squeezing
through the capillary endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins -Correct Answers ✔-genetically-determined glycoprotein and
glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte
ESV -Correct Answers ✔-volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been
completed
Increase in ESV when -Correct Answers ✔-stroke volume is decreased
BIOL 235
,BIOL 235
Three cations with important effect on heart function -Correct Answers ✔-K+,
Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ -Correct Answers ✔-blocks Ca2+ inflow and
decreases force of contraction
Excess in K+ -Correct Answers ✔-blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx -Correct Answers ✔-serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains
tonsils, directs air flow inferiorly
larynx -Correct Answers ✔-passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound
production
paranasal sinuses -Correct Answers ✔-resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces -Correct Answers ✔-opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus -Correct Answers ✔-carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole -Correct Answers ✔-carries air directly into a respiratory
bronchiole
pleural membranes -Correct Answers ✔-surround the lungs
surfactant -Correct Answers ✔-reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli -Correct Answers ✔-actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea -Correct Answers ✔-normal, quiet breathing
BIOL 235
,BIOL 235
costal breathing -Correct Answers ✔-shallow breathing using just the external
intercostal muscles
compliance -Correct Answers ✔-amount of effort required to expand the lungs and
chest wall
inspiratory capacity -Correct Answers ✔-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve
volume, usually about 3600 mL in males
vital capacity -Correct Answers ✔-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume +
expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males
functional residual capacity -Correct Answers ✔-residual volume + expiratory
reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males
Henry's law -Correct Answers ✔-states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in
a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Bohr effect -Correct Answers ✔-when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin
decreases
Dalton's law -Correct Answers ✔-each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own
partial pressure
medulla oblongata -Correct Answers ✔-sets basic rhythm of breathing
pons -Correct Answers ✔-includes the pontine respiratory group
Blood is -Correct Answers ✔-a connective tissue that consists of blood plasma
(liquid) plus formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Whole blood -Correct Answers ✔-blood plasma and formed elements
BIOL 235
, BIOL 235
Blood plasma -Correct Answers ✔-proteins, water, other solutes
Blood plasma proteins -Correct Answers ✔-albumins (54%), globulins (36%),
fibrinogens (7%)
Formed elements -Correct Answers ✔-red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Blood cell production -Correct Answers ✔-hemopoesis, mainly occurs in red bone
marrow after birth
Reticulocyte -Correct Answers ✔-from proerythrocyte, ejects nucleus
Average lifespan of an erythrocyte -Correct Answers ✔-120 days
Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells -Correct Answers ✔-equals the rate of
RBC destruction by macrophages
Emigration or diapedesis is -Correct Answers ✔-the process by which phagocytic
cells leave blood vessels
WBCs use to destroy pathogens -Correct Answers ✔-lysozyme, defensins, and
certain anions
Neutrophils -Correct Answers ✔-are usually the first and most numerous
responders to an infection
Macrophages -Correct Answers ✔-react more slowly to an infection than
neutrophils do
Pluripotent stem cells are derived from -Correct Answers ✔-mesenchyme
Megakaryoblasts -Correct Answers ✔-platelet precursor cells, develop into
megakaryocytes
BIOL 235
