NR 507 FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 Update) Advanced
Pathophysiology Complete Guide with Questions
100% Accurate Answers
What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower
lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion? -- CORRECT
ANSWER - A. A right to left shunt
(B). Alveolar dead space
C. A low ventilation-perfusion ratio
D. Pulmonary hypotension
A function of the pericardium is to: -- CORRECT ANSWER - (A). Provide a
barrier against extracardial infections
B. Improve blood flow through the heart
C. Play a role in cardiac conduction
,D. Assist in cardiac contraction
Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are r/t poor absorption of: --
CORRECT ANSWER - (A). Fats & fat-soluble vitamins
B. Water-soluble vitamins
C. Proteins
D. Minerals
The FNP is teaching the community about health promotion. Which information
should the FNP include for innate immunity? -- CORRECT ANSWER - A.
following an illness
(B). At birth
C. via injection of specific antibodies
D. In adulthood
A 10 y/o develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal
retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I can't
get enough air." What term should the FNP use to document this condition? --
CORRECT ANSWER - A. cyanosis
(B). Dyspnea
C. Hyperpnea
D. Orthopnea
When the FNP is reviewing lab results & notices that the erythrocytes contain an
abnormally low concentration of hgb, the nurse calls these erythrocytes: --
CORRECT ANSWER - A. hyperchromic
(B). Hypochromic
,C. Macrocytic
D. Microcytic
A 45 y/o/m complains of heart burn after eating & difficulty swallowing. These
symptoms support which diagnosis? -- CORRECT ANSWER - A. pyloric
stenosis
B. Gastric cancer C.
Achalasia
(D). Hiatal hernia
A 25 y/o/f has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood.
Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? -- CORRECT
ANSWER - A. Movement of fluid into the cell
B. Decreased cardiac output
C. Decreased oxygen release from hgb
(D). Peripheral vasoconstriction
Which pt will develop active immunity? A pt who: -- CORRECT ANSWER -
(A). has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
B. Receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor
C. Has T cells that become B cells
D. Receives immunoglobulin
Chronic gastritis is classified according to the: -- CORRECT ANSWER - A.
Severity
(B). Location of lesions
, C. Pt's age
D. Signs & symptoms
A 16 y/o/f student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her hrt
begins beating harder & faster as she becomes aroused & scared. Which of the
following states of the general adaptation syndrome is she experienced? --
CORRECT ANSWER - (A). Alarm stage
B. Stage of resistance
C. Adaptation
D. Exhaustion
A 50 y/o is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is: --
CORRECT ANSWER - A. Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus.
B. Sympathetic nerve stimulation
(C). Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter
D. Reverse peristalsis of the stomach
A low ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung will result in: -- CORRECT
ANSWER - A. Increased dead space
(B). Shunting
C. Alveolar collapse
D. Bronchospasm
A 52 y/o/m is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While designing the
treatment plan, the nurse realizes that the pt is expected to have hydronephrosis &
a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by: -- CORRECT ANSWER - A.
Decreased renal blood flow
Pathophysiology Complete Guide with Questions
100% Accurate Answers
What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower
lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion? -- CORRECT
ANSWER - A. A right to left shunt
(B). Alveolar dead space
C. A low ventilation-perfusion ratio
D. Pulmonary hypotension
A function of the pericardium is to: -- CORRECT ANSWER - (A). Provide a
barrier against extracardial infections
B. Improve blood flow through the heart
C. Play a role in cardiac conduction
,D. Assist in cardiac contraction
Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are r/t poor absorption of: --
CORRECT ANSWER - (A). Fats & fat-soluble vitamins
B. Water-soluble vitamins
C. Proteins
D. Minerals
The FNP is teaching the community about health promotion. Which information
should the FNP include for innate immunity? -- CORRECT ANSWER - A.
following an illness
(B). At birth
C. via injection of specific antibodies
D. In adulthood
A 10 y/o develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal
retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I can't
get enough air." What term should the FNP use to document this condition? --
CORRECT ANSWER - A. cyanosis
(B). Dyspnea
C. Hyperpnea
D. Orthopnea
When the FNP is reviewing lab results & notices that the erythrocytes contain an
abnormally low concentration of hgb, the nurse calls these erythrocytes: --
CORRECT ANSWER - A. hyperchromic
(B). Hypochromic
,C. Macrocytic
D. Microcytic
A 45 y/o/m complains of heart burn after eating & difficulty swallowing. These
symptoms support which diagnosis? -- CORRECT ANSWER - A. pyloric
stenosis
B. Gastric cancer C.
Achalasia
(D). Hiatal hernia
A 25 y/o/f has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood.
Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? -- CORRECT
ANSWER - A. Movement of fluid into the cell
B. Decreased cardiac output
C. Decreased oxygen release from hgb
(D). Peripheral vasoconstriction
Which pt will develop active immunity? A pt who: -- CORRECT ANSWER -
(A). has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
B. Receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor
C. Has T cells that become B cells
D. Receives immunoglobulin
Chronic gastritis is classified according to the: -- CORRECT ANSWER - A.
Severity
(B). Location of lesions
, C. Pt's age
D. Signs & symptoms
A 16 y/o/f student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her hrt
begins beating harder & faster as she becomes aroused & scared. Which of the
following states of the general adaptation syndrome is she experienced? --
CORRECT ANSWER - (A). Alarm stage
B. Stage of resistance
C. Adaptation
D. Exhaustion
A 50 y/o is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is: --
CORRECT ANSWER - A. Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus.
B. Sympathetic nerve stimulation
(C). Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter
D. Reverse peristalsis of the stomach
A low ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung will result in: -- CORRECT
ANSWER - A. Increased dead space
(B). Shunting
C. Alveolar collapse
D. Bronchospasm
A 52 y/o/m is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While designing the
treatment plan, the nurse realizes that the pt is expected to have hydronephrosis &
a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by: -- CORRECT ANSWER - A.
Decreased renal blood flow
