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1. Celiac Disease primarily affects which part of the body?
a. Liver
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Pancreas
Answer: b. Small intestine
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where gluten damages the
lining of the small intestine, impairing absorption.
2. Which laboratory test is most commonly used to screen for Celiac Disease?
a. Anti-CCP antibody
b. IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTG)
c. ANA (antinuclear antibody)
d. ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
Answer: b. IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTG)
Rationale: IgA-tTG is the most sensitive and specific screening test for celiac
disease.
3. Sjogren’s Syndrome is most often associated with which two chronic
autoimmune diseases?
,a. Diabetes & Hashimoto’s
b. Rheumatoid arthritis & Lupus
c. Psoriasis & Crohn’s disease
d. Multiple sclerosis & Myasthenia gravis
Answer: b. Rheumatoid arthritis & Lupus
Rationale: Sjogren’s often coexists with RA and lupus, presenting with dry eyes
and dry mouth.
4. Cinnamon has been shown to mimic which physiologic effect?
a. Stimulates insulin-like activity at the cellular level
b. Increases thyroid hormone production
c. Acts as a cortisol substitute
d. Blocks angiotensin II receptors
Answer: a. Stimulates insulin-like activity at the cellular level
Rationale: Cinnamon decreases blood glucose by enhancing insulin sensitivity.
5. Hydrotherapy is most beneficial for which type of patients?
a. Acute fractures
b. Neurological and musculoskeletal disorders like MS and MG
c. Asthma patients
d. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: b. Neurological and musculoskeletal disorders like MS and MG
Rationale: Hydrotherapy reduces spasticity, improves circulation, and supports
therapy for MS/MG.
Cardiology / Congenital Heart Disease
6. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) is best described as:
a. A narrowing of the coronary arteries
,b. A congenital underdevelopment of the left side of the heart
c. Aortic valve stenosis due to rheumatic fever
d. Excessive pulmonary artery pressure
Answer: b. A congenital underdevelopment of the left side of the heart
Rationale: HLHS involves an underdeveloped left ventricle, mitral/aortic valves,
and ascending aorta.
7. Survival in HLHS during the first few days of life depends on the patency of
which fetal structures?
a. Ductus venosus & tricuspid valve
b. Ductus arteriosus & foramen ovale
c. Coronary sinus & pulmonary veins
d. Inferior vena cava & superior vena cava
Answer: b. Ductus arteriosus & foramen ovale
Rationale: These shunts allow blood flow to bypass the underdeveloped left
heart.
8. What is the main function of the parathyroid glands?
a. Regulate thyroid hormone
b. Produce cortisol
c. Regulate calcium through PTH secretion
d. Secrete insulin
Answer: c. Regulate calcium through PTH secretion
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium by stimulating bone
resorption, kidney reabsorption, and vitamin D activation.
9. High TSH with low T4 levels suggests which condition?
a. Hyperthyroidism
b. Hypothyroidism
, c. Cushing’s disease
d. Addison’s disease
Answer: b. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The pituitary produces excess TSH in response to low circulating
thyroid hormone.
10. Which medication is given to treat hypothyroidism by replacing deficient
thyroid hormone?
a. Methimazole
b. Levothyroxine
c. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
d. Amiodarone
Answer: b. Levothyroxine
Rationale: Levothyroxine is synthetic T4, prescribed for hypothyroidism.
11. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is caused by a defect in which gene?
a. BRCA1
b. LMNA
c. CFTR
d. FBN1
Answer: b. LMNA
Rationale: LMNA mutation leads to defective lamin A protein (progerin), causing
accelerated aging.
12. Which clinical feature is characteristic of Progeria?
a. Tall stature
b. Rapid aging, wrinkled skin, short stature