Infant and Toddler Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-2026
Developmental outcomes - Answers - increasing abilites in learning, language, motor skills,
emotional and social skills
Competence - Answers - effectivly adjust to day-to-day changes, adaptable and flexible
Quality of life - Answers - the child's feelings about the value, worth, living conditions and
relationship that he/she expereinces
Mental health - Answers When toddlers reach the age of three they will mentally be healthy if
they can..
1. feel competent and confident
2. enjoy intimate relationships/ caring relationships
3. feel safe
4. basic trust of others
5. regulate and express emotions in healthy ways
6. communicate are understood
7. feel valued for their uniuqe personalities
8. have the energy and curiosity to learn
9. enjoy excellent health and nutrition
the importance of the early years - Answers - ability to learn, feelings of self worth, sense of
competence, capacity to love and care for others
Window of opportunity - Answers - periods when specific types of learning take place
Sensitive periods - Answers - periods where positive or negative experinces are most likely to
have a sustained effect
- time to reduce infant/toddler stress levels
competent learners - Answers - learning begins before they are born
- rapid and cumulative in the 1st three years of life
- early experiences are built into our bodies and loving relationships
- shaped by dynamic interaction between genetics and enviornment
,- contribute to our own development
- discern patterns
- learning is social
Relationship-based Approach - Answers - constructive, caring relationships are fundamental to
human experience
- respectful response from others are essential to infant and toddlers sense of security, self-
worth and self- confidence and motivation to learn
- a responsive adult is sensative and caring
The ecology affects relationships - Answers - relationships are influenced by the personal and
physical environment
- relationships are influnece by cultural views
- relationships are influenced by policies and laws
attributes - Answers - gender, temperaments, appearance
capacities - Answers the ability to be social, express emotion, learn, move and communicate
Transnational theory - Answers there is constant interplay between the child's aributes and
capacities and ecology
history of special needs - Answers - influences on the special education field from intervention
attempts, early childhood education
- changes in understanding- trending towards early intervention
- nurse-family partnership
-head start
- early intervention
History (time line) - Answers - 1930's Idea of inclusion begins
-1950's & 60's realized the brain can grow and change it is not fixed
2000- importance of early childhood experience, toxic stress and early brain architecture
- easier to build it right than to fix it
How do children qualify for special educaiton - Answers - Part B: fit into a category of disability
(must interfere with their ability to gain an education)
, - Part C: 25% delay or greater in any area (only you qualify you have services till 3 years old)
foundation principals of practice - Answers - influence of NAYEC on promoting developmental
appropriate practices
Inclusion - Answers - children with developmental disabilities who are included exhibit: cognitive,
language, communication, motor and social competence
- children with typical development also benefit: increase in sensitivity and individual differences
Definition of developmentally appropraite practices - Answers Defines developmentally
appropriate practices as considering three components
1. typical development at each age
2. knowledge of the individual child including strengths, and challenges
3. Culturally appropriate
Challenges to inclusion - Answers - inclusion can be challenge in education or natural settings
- empowering families leads to more inclusion for child
Natural setting - Answers - confidentiality, stigma, cultural acceptance, display of challenging
behaviors in public
Effective Family Practices: Family Related principles of special education in early childhood -
Answers - Relationship-focused interventions
- Family- Centered approaches
- Coordinated, comprehensive
- Inclusion support
Themes suggested practice for effecting teaming with families - Answers - Use culturally
sensitive and family system approach
- applies across professional domains and settings
- four components of family systems interventions
- when possible and appropriate include family members include family members or other
people in the natural environment
Effective family practices - Answers - address the parental experience
- quality services involve attention to the parent on many levels
Developmental outcomes - Answers - increasing abilites in learning, language, motor skills,
emotional and social skills
Competence - Answers - effectivly adjust to day-to-day changes, adaptable and flexible
Quality of life - Answers - the child's feelings about the value, worth, living conditions and
relationship that he/she expereinces
Mental health - Answers When toddlers reach the age of three they will mentally be healthy if
they can..
1. feel competent and confident
2. enjoy intimate relationships/ caring relationships
3. feel safe
4. basic trust of others
5. regulate and express emotions in healthy ways
6. communicate are understood
7. feel valued for their uniuqe personalities
8. have the energy and curiosity to learn
9. enjoy excellent health and nutrition
the importance of the early years - Answers - ability to learn, feelings of self worth, sense of
competence, capacity to love and care for others
Window of opportunity - Answers - periods when specific types of learning take place
Sensitive periods - Answers - periods where positive or negative experinces are most likely to
have a sustained effect
- time to reduce infant/toddler stress levels
competent learners - Answers - learning begins before they are born
- rapid and cumulative in the 1st three years of life
- early experiences are built into our bodies and loving relationships
- shaped by dynamic interaction between genetics and enviornment
,- contribute to our own development
- discern patterns
- learning is social
Relationship-based Approach - Answers - constructive, caring relationships are fundamental to
human experience
- respectful response from others are essential to infant and toddlers sense of security, self-
worth and self- confidence and motivation to learn
- a responsive adult is sensative and caring
The ecology affects relationships - Answers - relationships are influenced by the personal and
physical environment
- relationships are influnece by cultural views
- relationships are influenced by policies and laws
attributes - Answers - gender, temperaments, appearance
capacities - Answers the ability to be social, express emotion, learn, move and communicate
Transnational theory - Answers there is constant interplay between the child's aributes and
capacities and ecology
history of special needs - Answers - influences on the special education field from intervention
attempts, early childhood education
- changes in understanding- trending towards early intervention
- nurse-family partnership
-head start
- early intervention
History (time line) - Answers - 1930's Idea of inclusion begins
-1950's & 60's realized the brain can grow and change it is not fixed
2000- importance of early childhood experience, toxic stress and early brain architecture
- easier to build it right than to fix it
How do children qualify for special educaiton - Answers - Part B: fit into a category of disability
(must interfere with their ability to gain an education)
, - Part C: 25% delay or greater in any area (only you qualify you have services till 3 years old)
foundation principals of practice - Answers - influence of NAYEC on promoting developmental
appropriate practices
Inclusion - Answers - children with developmental disabilities who are included exhibit: cognitive,
language, communication, motor and social competence
- children with typical development also benefit: increase in sensitivity and individual differences
Definition of developmentally appropraite practices - Answers Defines developmentally
appropriate practices as considering three components
1. typical development at each age
2. knowledge of the individual child including strengths, and challenges
3. Culturally appropriate
Challenges to inclusion - Answers - inclusion can be challenge in education or natural settings
- empowering families leads to more inclusion for child
Natural setting - Answers - confidentiality, stigma, cultural acceptance, display of challenging
behaviors in public
Effective Family Practices: Family Related principles of special education in early childhood -
Answers - Relationship-focused interventions
- Family- Centered approaches
- Coordinated, comprehensive
- Inclusion support
Themes suggested practice for effecting teaming with families - Answers - Use culturally
sensitive and family system approach
- applies across professional domains and settings
- four components of family systems interventions
- when possible and appropriate include family members include family members or other
people in the natural environment
Effective family practices - Answers - address the parental experience
- quality services involve attention to the parent on many levels
