GMS6419 medical endocrine and reproductive physiology Exam with Questions and Correct Answer Latest GRADED A+

GMS6419 medical endocrine and
reproductive physiology Exam with
Questions and Correct Answers Latest
2025 GRADED A+




what ,are ,the ,three ,components ,of ,the ,endocrine ,system ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
endocrine ,glands ,
hormones ,
target ,organs/target ,cells

definition ,of ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-chemical ,messengers ,that ,are
,transported ,by ,the ,blood ,to ,target ,cells/organs ,where ,they ,elicit ,a ,physiological
,change


what ,is ,the ,function ,of ,the ,endocrine ,system ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-to ,regulate
,cellular ,and ,organ ,function ,throughout ,life ,and ,maintain ,normal ,body
,homeostasis


the ,endocrine ,system ,regulates: ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER--growth/developmental
,processes ,
-reproduction ,
-energy ,balance/metabolism ,
-body ,temperature ,
-stress ,responses ,
-sodium/potassium/calcium/phosphate ,
-water ,and ,sodium ,balance ,
-cardiovascular ,regulation ,
-GI ,system

where ,are ,hormones ,made ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-by ,the ,glands

how ,are ,the ,endocrine ,and ,neurocrine ,systems ,different ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
there ,is ,no ,endocrine ,gland ,so ,the ,hormone ,is ,released ,from ,the ,nerve ,terminal
,instead

,where ,are ,hormones ,released ,in ,the ,paracrine ,and ,autocrine ,systems ,-
,CORRECT ,ANSWER-into ,the ,interstitial ,fluid ,and ,then ,to ,the ,receptors ,on
,target ,cells


examples ,of ,paracrine ,and ,autocrine ,systems ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-growth
,factors
cytokines
neurotransmitters ,(NTs)

what ,are ,the ,major ,endocrine ,glands ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-hypothalamus
pituitary ,gland ,
thyroid ,gland ,
parathyroid ,gland ,
adrenal ,gland ,
pancreas ,
ovaries ,
testes

what ,are ,the ,master ,endocrine ,glands ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-hypothalamus ,
pituitary ,gland

hypothalamus ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-releasing/inhibiting ,hormones

pituitary ,gland ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-ACTH ,
TSH
GH
LH
FSH
PRL
SST
AVP
OT

thyroid ,gland ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-T3
T4
CT

parathyroid ,gland ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-PTH

adrenal ,gland ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-ALDO
CORT
EPI
NE

pancreas ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-insulin ,
glucagon

,ovarian ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-estrogen ,
progesterone ,
inhibin

testes ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-testosterone
inhibin

what ,are ,the ,three ,major ,classes ,of ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
proteins/peptides ,(largest ,group) ,
steroids/steroid-like ,molecules ,
tyrosine-derived ,hormones

where ,are ,most ,peptide ,hormones ,made ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-intracellularly

steps ,of ,making ,a ,peptide ,hormone ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-starts ,with ,DNA
mRNA
preprohormone ,(ribosomes)
prohormone ,(endoplasmic ,reticulum)
hormone ,(golgi ,bodies)

where ,do ,peptide ,hormones ,go ,once ,they ,are ,made ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
stored ,in ,secretory/storage ,granules ,until ,they ,are ,released

characteristics ,of ,peptide ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-hydrophilic ,(water
,soluble) ,
usually ,circulate ,freely ,in ,blood ,
short ,half-life ,(rapid ,metabolism ,and ,excretion)
bind ,to ,membrane ,receptors ,at ,target ,cell

what ,triggers ,exocytosis ,of ,peptide ,hormones ,from ,cell ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
Calcium

example ,of ,a ,peptide ,hormone ,that ,is ,synthesized ,extracellularly ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-angiotensin ,II


examples ,of ,steroids ,and ,steroid-like ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
aldosterone ,(ALDO) ,
cortisol ,(CORT) ,
estradiol ,(E2) ,
progesterone ,(P) ,
testosterone ,(T) ,
1,25 ,(OH)2D3 ,(derivative ,of ,vitamin ,D3)

what ,are ,all ,steroids/steroid-like ,hormones ,derived ,from ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
cholesterol

, where ,are ,steroids/steroid-like ,hormones ,made ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
intracellularly, ,but ,not ,stored ,in ,vessicles

characteristics ,of ,steroids/steroid-like ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER--
released ,by ,diffusion ,through ,plasma ,membrane ,
-lipid ,soluble, ,water ,insoluble ,
-circulate ,in ,blood ,bound ,to ,a ,binding ,protein
-long ,half ,life ,(slow ,metabolism ,and ,excretion) ,
-have ,intracellular ,receptors ,at ,target ,cells ,bc ,lipid ,soluble

examples ,of ,tyrosine-derived ,hormones ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER--dopamine ,(DA) ,
-epinephrine ,(EPI) ,aka ,adrenaline ,
-norepinephrine ,(NE) ,aka ,noradrenalin ,
-thyroxine ,(T4) ,
-triiodothyronine ,(T3)

where ,are ,DA, ,EPI, ,and ,NE ,tyrosine-derived ,hormones ,made ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-in ,adrenal ,gland ,in ,adrenal ,medulla


where ,are ,T4 ,and ,T3 ,tyrosine-derived ,hormones ,made ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-in
,thyroid ,gland


what ,are ,EPI ,and ,NE ,known ,as ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-catecholamines

characteristics ,of ,DA, ,EPI, ,and ,NE ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER--stored ,in ,secretory
,granules ,
-released ,by ,exocytosis ,
-hydrophilic ,(water ,soluble) ,
-circulate ,freely ,in ,blood ,
-short ,half ,life ,
-bind ,to ,membrane ,receptors ,at ,target ,cells

characteristics ,of ,T3 ,and ,T4 ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER--stored ,in ,thyroid ,follicles ,or
,released ,imediately ,after ,synthesis ,by ,diffusion ,through ,plasma ,membrane ,
-lipid ,soluble, ,water ,insoluble ,
-circulate ,in ,blood ,bound ,to ,a ,binding ,protein
-long ,half ,life ,
-have ,intracellular ,receptors ,at ,target ,cells

what ,controls ,the ,circadian ,rhythms ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-secretion ,of ,different
,hormones ,by ,hypothalamus, ,particularly ,ACTH ,made ,by ,anterior ,pituitary ,
want ,spike ,in ,morning ,and ,lower ,levels ,at ,night

where ,are ,receptors ,located ,for ,peptides/catecholamines ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
cell ,surface