Bio 168 Exam 2 study guide Questions and Answers
How many lumbar do you have? - -5
-How can you tell its a lumbar vertabra? - -No costal facets, short spinous process
-Four types of bone cells - -osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
-describe the function of osteogenic cells - -only cell that divides, they differentiate and
develop into osteoblasts
-describe the function of osteoblasts - -cell reproduction for forming new bone
-describe the function of osteocytes - -reshapes bones, primary cell in mature bone
-describe the function of osteoclasts - -bone respiration, bone themselves, stores calcium
by using lacuna
-Interosseous membranes are between? - -the radius and the ulna
-False ribs - -8-12 they do not attach directly to sternum (11 and 12 count also)
-Floating ribs - -11 and 12 because do not connect to sternum
-true ribs - -1-7
-how many total ribs do you have? - -12 pairs
-Describe the three phases of hair growth - -1) Anagen phase- (longest part) active phase
of growth where living cells of the hair bulb are rapidly growing, dividing, and
transforming into hair
2) Catagen phase- (short phase) brief regression period where cell division ceases and the
follicle undergoes involution
3) Telogen phase- (resting phase) hair is shed, 3-4 months hair starts regrowing and enters
the anagen phase
-Describe the different types of bone. - -Simple fracture, compound fracture, stress
fracture, and pathologic fracture
-What's a simple fracture? - -broken bone does not penetrate the skin
-what is a compound fracture? - -1 or both ends of broken bone pierce the overlying
-What is a stress fracture? - -thin break, caused by increased physical activity which bone
experiences repetitive loads
, -What is a pathologic fracture? - -Occurs when bone has been weakened by disease
-What hormones cause bone growth to stop? - -Glucocorticoids (high amounts increase
bone loss, impair growth at the epiphyseal plate
-Compare and contrast interstitial and oppositional growth - -Interstitional growth- and
increase in LENGTH that occurs within the regions of cartilage
Appositional growth- an increase in WIDTH along the cartilage's outside edge, or periphery
-What are the names of the layers of the epidermis? - -Stratum basale
stratum spinosium
stratum granalosum
stratum locidum
stratum carneum
-The sella turcia is part of the ________ bone, - -Sphenoid bone
- the pituitary gland sits in here and is protected
-Thin skin and thick skin - -Thick skin - (palms and soles of feet) houses sweat glands but
has NO hair follicules or sebaceous (oil) glands
Thin skin- (occurs most of the body) contains hair follicles sebaceous glands, and sweat
glands
-How do growth hormone and IGF affect bone growth? - -increase cartilage growth in
plate
-three parts of the integumentary system and what type of tissue do they consist of - -
Epidermis- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis- dense irregular connective tissue
Hypodermis- areolar and adipose connective tissue, closely involved with function of the
skin
-Describe the differences between the pelvis in males and females. - -
-Name four sutures of the skull and the bone which meet at these sutures. - -Coronal
suture-between frontal and two parietal bones
Sagittal suture- between two parietal bones in midline
lamboid suture- between occipital bones posteriorly and the two parietal bones
Metopic suture0 seperate frontal bone into two halves
-The _______ of the scapula articulates with the ___________ of the humerus - -Glenoid fossa of
te scapula articulates with the head of the humerus
-Compare and contrast the two types of sweat glands. - -Merocrine sweat gland- a duct
with a narrow lumen that opens onto the skin surface through a pore
How many lumbar do you have? - -5
-How can you tell its a lumbar vertabra? - -No costal facets, short spinous process
-Four types of bone cells - -osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
-describe the function of osteogenic cells - -only cell that divides, they differentiate and
develop into osteoblasts
-describe the function of osteoblasts - -cell reproduction for forming new bone
-describe the function of osteocytes - -reshapes bones, primary cell in mature bone
-describe the function of osteoclasts - -bone respiration, bone themselves, stores calcium
by using lacuna
-Interosseous membranes are between? - -the radius and the ulna
-False ribs - -8-12 they do not attach directly to sternum (11 and 12 count also)
-Floating ribs - -11 and 12 because do not connect to sternum
-true ribs - -1-7
-how many total ribs do you have? - -12 pairs
-Describe the three phases of hair growth - -1) Anagen phase- (longest part) active phase
of growth where living cells of the hair bulb are rapidly growing, dividing, and
transforming into hair
2) Catagen phase- (short phase) brief regression period where cell division ceases and the
follicle undergoes involution
3) Telogen phase- (resting phase) hair is shed, 3-4 months hair starts regrowing and enters
the anagen phase
-Describe the different types of bone. - -Simple fracture, compound fracture, stress
fracture, and pathologic fracture
-What's a simple fracture? - -broken bone does not penetrate the skin
-what is a compound fracture? - -1 or both ends of broken bone pierce the overlying
-What is a stress fracture? - -thin break, caused by increased physical activity which bone
experiences repetitive loads
, -What is a pathologic fracture? - -Occurs when bone has been weakened by disease
-What hormones cause bone growth to stop? - -Glucocorticoids (high amounts increase
bone loss, impair growth at the epiphyseal plate
-Compare and contrast interstitial and oppositional growth - -Interstitional growth- and
increase in LENGTH that occurs within the regions of cartilage
Appositional growth- an increase in WIDTH along the cartilage's outside edge, or periphery
-What are the names of the layers of the epidermis? - -Stratum basale
stratum spinosium
stratum granalosum
stratum locidum
stratum carneum
-The sella turcia is part of the ________ bone, - -Sphenoid bone
- the pituitary gland sits in here and is protected
-Thin skin and thick skin - -Thick skin - (palms and soles of feet) houses sweat glands but
has NO hair follicules or sebaceous (oil) glands
Thin skin- (occurs most of the body) contains hair follicles sebaceous glands, and sweat
glands
-How do growth hormone and IGF affect bone growth? - -increase cartilage growth in
plate
-three parts of the integumentary system and what type of tissue do they consist of - -
Epidermis- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis- dense irregular connective tissue
Hypodermis- areolar and adipose connective tissue, closely involved with function of the
skin
-Describe the differences between the pelvis in males and females. - -
-Name four sutures of the skull and the bone which meet at these sutures. - -Coronal
suture-between frontal and two parietal bones
Sagittal suture- between two parietal bones in midline
lamboid suture- between occipital bones posteriorly and the two parietal bones
Metopic suture0 seperate frontal bone into two halves
-The _______ of the scapula articulates with the ___________ of the humerus - -Glenoid fossa of
te scapula articulates with the head of the humerus
-Compare and contrast the two types of sweat glands. - -Merocrine sweat gland- a duct
with a narrow lumen that opens onto the skin surface through a pore
