BIO 168 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
List the functions of the Nervous System - -Receptors detect changes in the internal or
external environment.
Information is sent to the CNS by the sensory division of the PNS.
Information processing
Motor commands are carried by the motor division of the PNS.
Effectors respond to those commands and change their activities.
-What makes up the Central Nervous System? - -Brain & Spinal cord
-What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System? - -All neural tissue outside the CNS
-What does the somatic nervous system control? - -Skeletal Muscles
-What does the Automatic nervous system control? - -Smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands
adipose tissue
-Define neuron? - -Basic functional unit of nervous system.
Nerve cells specialized for intercellular communication.
-Define Synapse? - -Specialized site of communication between neuron & another cell.
-What are neurons unable to do due to their lack of centrioles? - -They Cannot Divide
So, if lost to injury or disease, seldom replaced.
-What are the functions of the following receptors?
Interoreceptors
Special sense receptors
proprioceptors
somatic sensory receptors
exteroreceptors - -Somatic sensory receptors- position, touch, pressure pain and
temperature
Special sensory receptors- smell, taste, vision, balance, hearing
Interoceptors (inside)-Monitor various body systems
Proprioceptors- Monitors body position and movement of joints and muscles
Exteroceptors (outside)- Monitors sensations from the external environment.
-What class of neuron is the most common class found in the CNS? - -Multipolar
, -What are the function of Neuroglia? - -Support & Protect neurons
Maintenance of blood-brain
Secretion of cerebral spinal fluid
Phagocytosis
-What is the functions of Microglia? - -Persist as mobile phagocytic cells
Remove cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens.
-What blocks many medications from making direct contact with neurons of the CNS? what
type of Neuroglia cells provide this barrier? - -Astrocytes
Maintain the blood-brain barrier
Isolates CNS from chemicals and hormones in the blood.
-What would be the result of extensive damage to oligodendrocytes in the CNS? - -Loss of
sensation and motor control.
-How do Schwann cells participate in the regeneration of the PNS nerves? - -Participate in
Axon repair
-What is meant by Membrane Potential? - -Unequal charge distribution across a cell
membrane.
-What are leaky channels? what substances can pass through these leaky channels? - -
Major reason Membrane Potential Exists.
Potassium ions diffuse out of the cell k+ channels.
Sodium ions diffuse in cell through Na+ channels.
-What would result if the sodium-potassium ATPase failed to function? - -It wouldn't
maintain stable resting potential.
-What type of gated channels responds to changes in the transmembrane potential? - -
Voltage-gated Channels
-What occurs as a result of the opening of sodium channels in the membrane? - -
Depolarization
-How do muscle tissue action potentials compare with neuronal tissue action potentials? -
-Action potentials: Nuerons v. Muscle tissue
Action potentials: last longer in muscle fib
Muscle fibers conduct action potentials only by continuous propagtion.
Muscle fibers conduct and action potential at slower speeds.
-What is meant by the absolute refractory period? - -Time during which the membrane
cannot respond to any further stimulation, no matter how strong.
List the functions of the Nervous System - -Receptors detect changes in the internal or
external environment.
Information is sent to the CNS by the sensory division of the PNS.
Information processing
Motor commands are carried by the motor division of the PNS.
Effectors respond to those commands and change their activities.
-What makes up the Central Nervous System? - -Brain & Spinal cord
-What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System? - -All neural tissue outside the CNS
-What does the somatic nervous system control? - -Skeletal Muscles
-What does the Automatic nervous system control? - -Smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands
adipose tissue
-Define neuron? - -Basic functional unit of nervous system.
Nerve cells specialized for intercellular communication.
-Define Synapse? - -Specialized site of communication between neuron & another cell.
-What are neurons unable to do due to their lack of centrioles? - -They Cannot Divide
So, if lost to injury or disease, seldom replaced.
-What are the functions of the following receptors?
Interoreceptors
Special sense receptors
proprioceptors
somatic sensory receptors
exteroreceptors - -Somatic sensory receptors- position, touch, pressure pain and
temperature
Special sensory receptors- smell, taste, vision, balance, hearing
Interoceptors (inside)-Monitor various body systems
Proprioceptors- Monitors body position and movement of joints and muscles
Exteroceptors (outside)- Monitors sensations from the external environment.
-What class of neuron is the most common class found in the CNS? - -Multipolar
, -What are the function of Neuroglia? - -Support & Protect neurons
Maintenance of blood-brain
Secretion of cerebral spinal fluid
Phagocytosis
-What is the functions of Microglia? - -Persist as mobile phagocytic cells
Remove cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens.
-What blocks many medications from making direct contact with neurons of the CNS? what
type of Neuroglia cells provide this barrier? - -Astrocytes
Maintain the blood-brain barrier
Isolates CNS from chemicals and hormones in the blood.
-What would be the result of extensive damage to oligodendrocytes in the CNS? - -Loss of
sensation and motor control.
-How do Schwann cells participate in the regeneration of the PNS nerves? - -Participate in
Axon repair
-What is meant by Membrane Potential? - -Unequal charge distribution across a cell
membrane.
-What are leaky channels? what substances can pass through these leaky channels? - -
Major reason Membrane Potential Exists.
Potassium ions diffuse out of the cell k+ channels.
Sodium ions diffuse in cell through Na+ channels.
-What would result if the sodium-potassium ATPase failed to function? - -It wouldn't
maintain stable resting potential.
-What type of gated channels responds to changes in the transmembrane potential? - -
Voltage-gated Channels
-What occurs as a result of the opening of sodium channels in the membrane? - -
Depolarization
-How do muscle tissue action potentials compare with neuronal tissue action potentials? -
-Action potentials: Nuerons v. Muscle tissue
Action potentials: last longer in muscle fib
Muscle fibers conduct action potentials only by continuous propagtion.
Muscle fibers conduct and action potential at slower speeds.
-What is meant by the absolute refractory period? - -Time during which the membrane
cannot respond to any further stimulation, no matter how strong.
