Anatomy & Physiology Bio 168 Chapter 1
Exam Questions and Answers
Anatomy And Physioloy - -Anatomy and physiology (A & P) are about human structure and
function—the biology of the human body
-Purpose of A&P - -A & P form a foundation for advanced study in health care, exercise
physiology, pathophysiology, and other related fields
-Anatomy - -Study of Form
-4 ways to study the human body - -Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion
-Cadaver dissection - -Cutting and separating human body tissues to reveal tissue
relationships
-Comparative anatomy - -Study of multiple species to learn about form, function, and
evolution
-medical imaging - -Viewing the inside of the body without surgery
Radiology—branch of medicine concerned with imaging
-Gross anatomy - -study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
-Histology - -Examination of tissues with a microscope
-Histopathology - -Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
-Cytology - -Study of structure and function of cells
-Ultrastructure - -View detail under electron microscope
-Physiology - -The study of function
-Subdisciplines - -Neurophysiology (physiology of nervous system)
Endocrinology (physiology of hormones)
Pathophysiology (mechanisms of disease)
-Neurophysiology - -Explains the workings of the nervous system
-Endocrinology - -Study of Hormones
, -Pathophysiology - -Study of the functional changes associated with disease and aging
-Comparative physiology - -Study of different species to learn about body functions
Basis for much of our understanding of human physiology and the development of new
drugs and medical procedures
-Hippocrates - -Greek physician; "Father of medicine"
Established a code of ethics (Hippocratic Oath)
Urged physicians to seek natural causes of disease rather than attributing them to acts of
the gods and demons
-Aristotle - -Believed diseases had supernatural or physical causes
Called supernatural causes of disease theologi
Called natural causes for disease physiologi
This gave rise to the terms physician and physiology
Believed complex structures were built from simpler parts
-Claudius Galen - -Physician to Roman gladiators
Did animal dissections because use of cadavers was banned
Saw science as a method of discovery
Teachings were adopted as dogma in Europe in Middle Ages
-William Harvey - -Realized blood flows out from heart and back to it again
Some credit also given to Michael Servetus for this
-Robert Hooke - -Invented specimen stage, illuminator, coarse and fine focus controls
His microscopes magnified only 30X
First to see and name "cells"
-Antony van Leeuwenhoek - -Invented a simple (single-lens) microscope with great
magnification to look at fabrics (200X)
Published his observations of blood, lake water, sperm, bacteria from tooth scrapings, and
many other things
-Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann - -First tenet of cell theory
-Cell Theory - -1. all organisms are made of cell
-Science and scientific mdethods - -set standards for truth
-Inductive method - -a process of making numerous observations until one feels confident
in drawing generalizations and predictions from them
"proof beyond reasonable dout"
Exam Questions and Answers
Anatomy And Physioloy - -Anatomy and physiology (A & P) are about human structure and
function—the biology of the human body
-Purpose of A&P - -A & P form a foundation for advanced study in health care, exercise
physiology, pathophysiology, and other related fields
-Anatomy - -Study of Form
-4 ways to study the human body - -Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion
-Cadaver dissection - -Cutting and separating human body tissues to reveal tissue
relationships
-Comparative anatomy - -Study of multiple species to learn about form, function, and
evolution
-medical imaging - -Viewing the inside of the body without surgery
Radiology—branch of medicine concerned with imaging
-Gross anatomy - -study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
-Histology - -Examination of tissues with a microscope
-Histopathology - -Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
-Cytology - -Study of structure and function of cells
-Ultrastructure - -View detail under electron microscope
-Physiology - -The study of function
-Subdisciplines - -Neurophysiology (physiology of nervous system)
Endocrinology (physiology of hormones)
Pathophysiology (mechanisms of disease)
-Neurophysiology - -Explains the workings of the nervous system
-Endocrinology - -Study of Hormones
, -Pathophysiology - -Study of the functional changes associated with disease and aging
-Comparative physiology - -Study of different species to learn about body functions
Basis for much of our understanding of human physiology and the development of new
drugs and medical procedures
-Hippocrates - -Greek physician; "Father of medicine"
Established a code of ethics (Hippocratic Oath)
Urged physicians to seek natural causes of disease rather than attributing them to acts of
the gods and demons
-Aristotle - -Believed diseases had supernatural or physical causes
Called supernatural causes of disease theologi
Called natural causes for disease physiologi
This gave rise to the terms physician and physiology
Believed complex structures were built from simpler parts
-Claudius Galen - -Physician to Roman gladiators
Did animal dissections because use of cadavers was banned
Saw science as a method of discovery
Teachings were adopted as dogma in Europe in Middle Ages
-William Harvey - -Realized blood flows out from heart and back to it again
Some credit also given to Michael Servetus for this
-Robert Hooke - -Invented specimen stage, illuminator, coarse and fine focus controls
His microscopes magnified only 30X
First to see and name "cells"
-Antony van Leeuwenhoek - -Invented a simple (single-lens) microscope with great
magnification to look at fabrics (200X)
Published his observations of blood, lake water, sperm, bacteria from tooth scrapings, and
many other things
-Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann - -First tenet of cell theory
-Cell Theory - -1. all organisms are made of cell
-Science and scientific mdethods - -set standards for truth
-Inductive method - -a process of making numerous observations until one feels confident
in drawing generalizations and predictions from them
"proof beyond reasonable dout"
