Bio 168 Exam 2 Chapter 4 &5 |165 Questions with
Answers
What are tissues? - -groups of cells similar in structure and function
-What steps are involved in preparing animal tissue for microscopic viewing? - -1) Fixed
(preserved)
(2) Cut into sections thin enough to transmit light or electrons
(3) Stain to enhance contrast
-What features distinguish epithelial tissue - -polarity, cellularity, supported by connective
tissues, avascularity , and regeneration
-what are the function of epithelial tissues - -Protection, Immune defenses, secertion,
transport into the tissues, senation.
-There are many characteristics that distinguish epithelium from other tissues. Your book
names five... what are they? - -polarity, cellularity, supported by connective tissues,
avascularity , and regeneration
-How is epithelial tissue named/classified? - -1. Number of cell layers (1 or more)
2. Shape of most of the cells composing them.
-If epithelium is stratified, what purpose does that serve? - -consists of epithelial cells
stacked in multiple layers. These cells typically cover exterior surfaces of the body, such as
the skin. They are also found interiorly in portions of the digestive tract and reproductive
tract. it serves a protective role by helping to prevent water loss and damage by chemicals
or friction. This tissue is constantly renewed as dividing cells on the bottom layer move
toward the surface to replace older cells.
-If it is simple, what does it do? - -compose linings in blood vessels, kidneys, skin, and the
lungs.
-Free Cell Surfaces - -most epithelia have a free (apical) surface that is not in contact with
other cells
-Glands- distinguish between endocrine and exocrine? - -____ glands secerts their products
into tissue fluid or blood. __glands secert their products into ducts that open onto a surface
-What are simple glands? - -single unbranched duct
-compound glands - -have a branched duct
, -merocrine glands - -(eccrine) secretion the cells form a secretory product, store it in the
cytoplasm in secretory vesicles, and release it by exocytosis.
-apocrine glands - -secretion the cells accumulate secretory product in their cytosol, die,
and are discharged with their contents as the secretion.
-halocrine glands - -accumulate their secretory product in their cytosol and then the cell
ruptures, releasing the secretion
-What does connective tissue do? - -protect and support the body and its organs; binds
organs together; store energy reserves as fat; provide resistance to disease in association
with the immune system
-Where are connective tissues found? - -everywhere in the body
-What is the major characteristic that distinguishes connective tissue from other tissues? -
-has three main components: cells, fibers, and ground substance. Together the ground
substance and fibers make up the extracellular matrix.
-What types of cells are found in connective tissue - -include: fibroblasts, mast cells,
plasma cells, macrophages, adipocytes, and leukocytes.
-What types of fibers are found in connective tissue? - -include collagen, elastic, and
reticular.
-How is connective tissue classified? - -as either connective tissue proper or specialized
connective tissue.
-Connective tissue proper includes: - -loose connective tissue (also called areolar) and
dense (irregular) connective tissue
-Specialized connective tissue types include - -dense regular connective tissue, cartilage,
bone, adipose tissue, blood, and hematopoietic tissue
-loose connective tissue - -(Trachea) is located under the thick eosinophilic basement
membrane of the respiratory epithelium in the trachea. A major component are amorphous
ground substance which does not stain with routine H & E. The most numerous cell types
are fibroblasts . In addition, other fibers such as collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are
present. Also, look for this type of connective tissue surrounding blood vessels and
underlying the epithelium of the digestive tract.
-dense regular connective tissue - -has collagen fibers arranged in a definite pattern
according to the direction of stress. The tendon clearly shows this arrangement.
-Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly? - -Cartilage is avascular, so materials needed
for repair must diffuse from surrounding tissue.
Answers
What are tissues? - -groups of cells similar in structure and function
-What steps are involved in preparing animal tissue for microscopic viewing? - -1) Fixed
(preserved)
(2) Cut into sections thin enough to transmit light or electrons
(3) Stain to enhance contrast
-What features distinguish epithelial tissue - -polarity, cellularity, supported by connective
tissues, avascularity , and regeneration
-what are the function of epithelial tissues - -Protection, Immune defenses, secertion,
transport into the tissues, senation.
-There are many characteristics that distinguish epithelium from other tissues. Your book
names five... what are they? - -polarity, cellularity, supported by connective tissues,
avascularity , and regeneration
-How is epithelial tissue named/classified? - -1. Number of cell layers (1 or more)
2. Shape of most of the cells composing them.
-If epithelium is stratified, what purpose does that serve? - -consists of epithelial cells
stacked in multiple layers. These cells typically cover exterior surfaces of the body, such as
the skin. They are also found interiorly in portions of the digestive tract and reproductive
tract. it serves a protective role by helping to prevent water loss and damage by chemicals
or friction. This tissue is constantly renewed as dividing cells on the bottom layer move
toward the surface to replace older cells.
-If it is simple, what does it do? - -compose linings in blood vessels, kidneys, skin, and the
lungs.
-Free Cell Surfaces - -most epithelia have a free (apical) surface that is not in contact with
other cells
-Glands- distinguish between endocrine and exocrine? - -____ glands secerts their products
into tissue fluid or blood. __glands secert their products into ducts that open onto a surface
-What are simple glands? - -single unbranched duct
-compound glands - -have a branched duct
, -merocrine glands - -(eccrine) secretion the cells form a secretory product, store it in the
cytoplasm in secretory vesicles, and release it by exocytosis.
-apocrine glands - -secretion the cells accumulate secretory product in their cytosol, die,
and are discharged with their contents as the secretion.
-halocrine glands - -accumulate their secretory product in their cytosol and then the cell
ruptures, releasing the secretion
-What does connective tissue do? - -protect and support the body and its organs; binds
organs together; store energy reserves as fat; provide resistance to disease in association
with the immune system
-Where are connective tissues found? - -everywhere in the body
-What is the major characteristic that distinguishes connective tissue from other tissues? -
-has three main components: cells, fibers, and ground substance. Together the ground
substance and fibers make up the extracellular matrix.
-What types of cells are found in connective tissue - -include: fibroblasts, mast cells,
plasma cells, macrophages, adipocytes, and leukocytes.
-What types of fibers are found in connective tissue? - -include collagen, elastic, and
reticular.
-How is connective tissue classified? - -as either connective tissue proper or specialized
connective tissue.
-Connective tissue proper includes: - -loose connective tissue (also called areolar) and
dense (irregular) connective tissue
-Specialized connective tissue types include - -dense regular connective tissue, cartilage,
bone, adipose tissue, blood, and hematopoietic tissue
-loose connective tissue - -(Trachea) is located under the thick eosinophilic basement
membrane of the respiratory epithelium in the trachea. A major component are amorphous
ground substance which does not stain with routine H & E. The most numerous cell types
are fibroblasts . In addition, other fibers such as collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are
present. Also, look for this type of connective tissue surrounding blood vessels and
underlying the epithelium of the digestive tract.
-dense regular connective tissue - -has collagen fibers arranged in a definite pattern
according to the direction of stress. The tendon clearly shows this arrangement.
-Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly? - -Cartilage is avascular, so materials needed
for repair must diffuse from surrounding tissue.
