Nurs 120 Exam #2
Absorption - answer process by which drug mlcs cross biological membranes & get to
targeted organ
The rate of absorption determines - answer when drug becomes available to exert its
action
Absorption also influences - answer metabolism & excretion
Absorption depends on - answer1) route of administration
2) form of drug
3) drug solubility
4) effects of pH
5) blood flow to area
6) body surface area
Acute therapy - answerInvolves intensive drug treatment & is implemented in acutely ill
or even critically ill to sustain life or treat disease
Acutely ill - answerthose w rapid onset of illness
Adverse reaction - answerunintended & undesirable effect produced by drug
Allergic reaction - answerimmunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from unusual
sensitivity of pt to a particular med
Allergic reactions range from - answerminor to serious; however, even small amount of
med can cause severe reaction
Medications most frequently implicated in allergic reactions - answerantibiotics,
biological agents & diagnostic agents
Alternative medicine - answertherapies used instead of conventional medicine & whose
reliability has not been validated through clinical testing in United States
Chemical name - answerdescribes drug's chemical composition & molecular structure
,2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid - answerchemical name for ibuprofen
Compatibility - answerable to be safely mixed
Contraindication - answerreason something is not advisable or should not be done
Dissolution - answerbreaking up into parts; termination of legal bond or contract
Distribution - answerprocess by which drug reversibly leaves bloodstream & enters
extracellular fluid and/or cells or tissues
[think about blood brain barrier and placental barrier]
The rate of distribution is influenced by - answer1) adequate local blood flow in target
area
2) permeability of capillaries to drug's mlcs
3) protein-binding capacity of drug
target area - answersite where drug effects occur
Excretion - answerelimination of drug and/or byproducts from body
Generic name aka - answernonproprietary name
Generic name/nonproprietary name - answerassigned by USAN council when
developing drug is ready to market drug
USAN - answerunited states adopted names council
Generic/nonproprietary name is usually similar to - answerchemical name but in simpler
form
Half-life - answeramount of time it takes for half of drug to be eliminated
Example:
Tramadol has a half-life of approximately 6 hours. This means if you take a 50 mg dose
at 0800, - answerby 1400, half of that dose [25 mg] will still be left in your body. In 12
hours, 1/4 of initial dose [12.5 mg] will be left in body
Half life is affected by - answerdrug composition & distribution
What things prolong half life? - answer1) liver & kidney disease
,2) aging
3) absence of food
4) slowed metabolic rate
Why do liver and kidney disease, aging, absence of food & slowed metabolic rate
prolong half life? - answerbc of effects on metabolism & excretion
Herbal medication - answernot approved for use as drugs, not FDA regulated
Idiosyncratic reaction - answerunexpected, abnormal or peculiar response to medication
Incompatibility - answercauses 2 parenteral drugs or solutions to undergo reaction when
mixed or given together that results in chemical deterioration of at least one of drugs.
Informed consent must be - answerobtained from every participant in study
Consent is obtained by - answerdiscussing what is expected of participant, providing
written info on project to participant & obtaining participant's written consent to be
subject
Critical concepts of informed consent - answer1) right to not be harmed
2) right to full disclosure
3) Right to self-determination
4) rights of privacy & confidentiality
Right to not be harmed - answeroutlines safety protocols; if preliminary data indicates
potential harm to participant, study must be stopped immediately
Right to full disclosure - answerex: risks, benefits, payments, purpose of research,
whom to contact w questions & concerns
Right to self-determination - answerat any time in study, participant has right to stop
participating for any reason
Rights of privacy and confidentiality - answerright to have identify protected [ex: using
codes instead of names]
drug interaction - answerwhen one drug alters or modifies action of another
maintenance therapy - answertreatment designed to help original primary treatment to
succeed
, Mechanism of action - answerhow drug produces its physiological effect in body
Medication - answerchemical substance used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain
Metabolism - answerneed to understand how body uses drug
[leads us to adverse reactions]
Metabolism uses - answerenergy & generates heat
Mutagenic effect - answerpermanent changes in genetic composition of living organism
over the counter drug [OTC] - answernonprescription; drugs may be purchased without
prescription & are assumed to be safe for general population if consumers follow
manufacturer's directions
Examples of over the counter drugs - answerIbuprofen & acetaminophen
Pharmacodynamics - answerstudy of how medications achieve effects at various sites
in body; how specific drug mlcs interact w target cells & how biological responses occur
Use pharmacodynamics to - answerhelp administer meds safely & evaluate pt
outcomes
Pharmacokinetics - answerabsorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion of drug
Pharmacology - answerstudy or science of drugs
Pharmacotherapeutics - answerclinical use of drugs to prevent & treat diseases
Placebo - answerany medication, procedure or surgery that leads to analgesia or other
desired outcome, even if lacking active substances or other actions that contribute to
pain relief
Prescription drug - answerrequire written prescription from healthcare prover [ex:
physician or advanced practice nurse] who is licensed by state to prescribe or dispense
drugs
Prophylactic therapy - answertreatment w antibiotics to prevent infection
Side effect - answerunwanted physical or mental effect caused by drug
Supplemental therapy - answersupplies body w substance needed to maintain normal
function
Absorption - answer process by which drug mlcs cross biological membranes & get to
targeted organ
The rate of absorption determines - answer when drug becomes available to exert its
action
Absorption also influences - answer metabolism & excretion
Absorption depends on - answer1) route of administration
2) form of drug
3) drug solubility
4) effects of pH
5) blood flow to area
6) body surface area
Acute therapy - answerInvolves intensive drug treatment & is implemented in acutely ill
or even critically ill to sustain life or treat disease
Acutely ill - answerthose w rapid onset of illness
Adverse reaction - answerunintended & undesirable effect produced by drug
Allergic reaction - answerimmunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from unusual
sensitivity of pt to a particular med
Allergic reactions range from - answerminor to serious; however, even small amount of
med can cause severe reaction
Medications most frequently implicated in allergic reactions - answerantibiotics,
biological agents & diagnostic agents
Alternative medicine - answertherapies used instead of conventional medicine & whose
reliability has not been validated through clinical testing in United States
Chemical name - answerdescribes drug's chemical composition & molecular structure
,2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid - answerchemical name for ibuprofen
Compatibility - answerable to be safely mixed
Contraindication - answerreason something is not advisable or should not be done
Dissolution - answerbreaking up into parts; termination of legal bond or contract
Distribution - answerprocess by which drug reversibly leaves bloodstream & enters
extracellular fluid and/or cells or tissues
[think about blood brain barrier and placental barrier]
The rate of distribution is influenced by - answer1) adequate local blood flow in target
area
2) permeability of capillaries to drug's mlcs
3) protein-binding capacity of drug
target area - answersite where drug effects occur
Excretion - answerelimination of drug and/or byproducts from body
Generic name aka - answernonproprietary name
Generic name/nonproprietary name - answerassigned by USAN council when
developing drug is ready to market drug
USAN - answerunited states adopted names council
Generic/nonproprietary name is usually similar to - answerchemical name but in simpler
form
Half-life - answeramount of time it takes for half of drug to be eliminated
Example:
Tramadol has a half-life of approximately 6 hours. This means if you take a 50 mg dose
at 0800, - answerby 1400, half of that dose [25 mg] will still be left in your body. In 12
hours, 1/4 of initial dose [12.5 mg] will be left in body
Half life is affected by - answerdrug composition & distribution
What things prolong half life? - answer1) liver & kidney disease
,2) aging
3) absence of food
4) slowed metabolic rate
Why do liver and kidney disease, aging, absence of food & slowed metabolic rate
prolong half life? - answerbc of effects on metabolism & excretion
Herbal medication - answernot approved for use as drugs, not FDA regulated
Idiosyncratic reaction - answerunexpected, abnormal or peculiar response to medication
Incompatibility - answercauses 2 parenteral drugs or solutions to undergo reaction when
mixed or given together that results in chemical deterioration of at least one of drugs.
Informed consent must be - answerobtained from every participant in study
Consent is obtained by - answerdiscussing what is expected of participant, providing
written info on project to participant & obtaining participant's written consent to be
subject
Critical concepts of informed consent - answer1) right to not be harmed
2) right to full disclosure
3) Right to self-determination
4) rights of privacy & confidentiality
Right to not be harmed - answeroutlines safety protocols; if preliminary data indicates
potential harm to participant, study must be stopped immediately
Right to full disclosure - answerex: risks, benefits, payments, purpose of research,
whom to contact w questions & concerns
Right to self-determination - answerat any time in study, participant has right to stop
participating for any reason
Rights of privacy and confidentiality - answerright to have identify protected [ex: using
codes instead of names]
drug interaction - answerwhen one drug alters or modifies action of another
maintenance therapy - answertreatment designed to help original primary treatment to
succeed
, Mechanism of action - answerhow drug produces its physiological effect in body
Medication - answerchemical substance used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain
Metabolism - answerneed to understand how body uses drug
[leads us to adverse reactions]
Metabolism uses - answerenergy & generates heat
Mutagenic effect - answerpermanent changes in genetic composition of living organism
over the counter drug [OTC] - answernonprescription; drugs may be purchased without
prescription & are assumed to be safe for general population if consumers follow
manufacturer's directions
Examples of over the counter drugs - answerIbuprofen & acetaminophen
Pharmacodynamics - answerstudy of how medications achieve effects at various sites
in body; how specific drug mlcs interact w target cells & how biological responses occur
Use pharmacodynamics to - answerhelp administer meds safely & evaluate pt
outcomes
Pharmacokinetics - answerabsorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion of drug
Pharmacology - answerstudy or science of drugs
Pharmacotherapeutics - answerclinical use of drugs to prevent & treat diseases
Placebo - answerany medication, procedure or surgery that leads to analgesia or other
desired outcome, even if lacking active substances or other actions that contribute to
pain relief
Prescription drug - answerrequire written prescription from healthcare prover [ex:
physician or advanced practice nurse] who is licensed by state to prescribe or dispense
drugs
Prophylactic therapy - answertreatment w antibiotics to prevent infection
Side effect - answerunwanted physical or mental effect caused by drug
Supplemental therapy - answersupplies body w substance needed to maintain normal
function
