Nursing 120 - Exam 1
Communication - answer- To impart info, to exchange ideas, to express one's self in
such a way as to be understood.
- A system of sending and receiving messages.
- A form of interaction or transaction.
- Communication skills are the building blocks of professional relationships between the
nurse and the patient, the nurse and another nurse, the nurse and other healthcare
team members.
- May be the single most significant element in determining helper effectiveness.
- Is a key method for collection of assessment data; the first step of the nursing process.
- Interprofessional communication/collaboration can facilitate the best medical
outcomes.
Types of communication: - answerVERBAL communication = spoken or written. An
exchange using the elements of language. Includes vocabulary, intonation, denotative
and connotative meaning, pacing, clarity, timing, and relevance.
NONVERBAL communication = gestures, facial expressions, personal appearance, eye
contact, posture, body movement, sounds, personal space, dress, silence.
Metacommunication - answer--> the message beyond the literal level of communication.
* Congruent relationship = there is a good fit between verbal and nonverbal
communication.
* Incongruent relationship = the verbal message does not fit with the nonverbal
message.
Zones of Personal Space - answer- Intimate Zone (0-18 inches) = when we are doing
dressing change, or taking vital signs.
- Personal Zone (18 inches to 4 feet) = we are standing at patient's bedside.
- Social Zone (4 to 12 feet) = a nurse standing in the background in a patient's room.
,- Public Zone (12 feet and greater) = nurse doing community education like in a
classroom setting.
Zones of personal touch - answer- Social Zone = we typically don't need permission to
touch this area (hands, arms, shoulders, back).
- Consent Zone = ask for permission to touch these areas (mouth, wrist, feet).
- Vulnerable Zone = where we need special care to approach or touch someone (face,
neck, front of the body).
- Intimate Zone = great sensitivity here so we need caution and permission to touch this
zone (anus/rectum, genital area).
what factors influence the communication process? - answer- Gender.
- Sociocultural differences.
- Environment.
- Physical, mental, or emotional state.
- Developmental considerations (we speak differently to a child than we would to an
adult).
- Values (how we prefer to be communicated with).
when facilitating communication - answer- speak in a normal tone.
- speak on an appropriate developmental level.
- keep the atmosphere quiet and relaxed.
- give adequate time to respond.
- offer comfort and reassurance.
- listen actively to show interest.
AIDET means - answer- Acknowledge the patient and visitors.
- Introduce yourself, your skill set, professional certification and training.
- Duration of procedure or care to be provided.
- Explanation of what the patient can expect related tests, pain, or whatever is
happening next.
- Thank you.
SBAR means - answer- Situation
- Background
- Assessment
- Recommendation
Nurse-Client Therapeutic Relationship - answer- A helping relationship exists among
people who provide and receive assistance in meeting human needs.
- A helping relationship sets the climate for the participants to move toward common
goals to meet human needs.
,- The nurse assists the patient to achieve goals that allow the patient's human needs to
be satisfied.
the nurse-client relationship - answer- is a helping relationship.
- the focus is on the client.
- has an explicit time frame.
- has specific goals.
- has high expectations for confidentiality.
- there is a nonjudgemental acceptance of the client.
- the nurse is responsible for outcomes.
the four phases of the helping relationship: - answer1) Pre Interaction phase = before
meeting the client, the nurse prepares with discussion amongst other care givers review
of history, setting appointments, etc.
2) Orientation phase = the relationship begins when the nurse starts the data-gathering
part of the nursing process.
3) Working phase = the nurse and the patient work together to meet the patient's needs.
4) Termination phase = indicates attainment or progress toward goals.
Elements of Professional Communication - answer- courtesy.
- use of names.
- privacy and confidentiality.
- trustworthiness.
- autonomy and responsibility.
- assertiveness and advocacy.
effective communication promotes positive outcomes, such as... - answer- improved
information flow.
- more effective interventions.
- improved safety.
- enhanced employee morale.
- increased patient and family satisfaction.
- decreased lengths of stay.
Listening skills - answer--> Involves both hearing and interpreting what the patient is
saying. It requires attention and concentration to sort out, evaluate, and validate clues in
order to better understand the true meaning of what is being said.
Tips for listening to patients: - answer- be patient and supportive.
- show interest.
- offer comfort and reassurance.
- give time to think and respond; don't interrupt.
, - avoid criticizing or correcting.
- don't argue.
- focus on feelings too, not just the facts.
- limit distractions; create a quiet environment.
- use active listening skills.
communication and ADVOCACY - answer- taking the client's side, supporting the
client's right to information to make their own decisions about treatment options and
nursing care.
- sharing information reduces anxiety and is an integral part of being therapeutic.
- helping the client become more assertive.
communication and CONFIDENTIALITY - answer- every client has the right to privacy.
- client information should only be shared with professionals involved in their his/her
care.
* 4 questions to ask yourself *
1) do you need this info?
2) do you have a right to the info?
3) where are you discussing the info?
4) with whom are you discussing the info?
communication and RAPPORT (a feeling of mutual trust) - answer- need a comfortable
environment, privacy.
- involves observation and interpretation.
- need good conversational skills.
- need good listening skills.
- use therapeutic communication techniques.
therapeutic communication - answer- facilitates the working of the nurse client
relationship and fulfills the purpose of the nursing process.
- facilitates interactions focused on the client and the client's concerns. the client
expresses and works through feelings and problems related to his/her condition,
treatments, and nursing care.
- it is a learned skill for the nurse.
Communication - answer- To impart info, to exchange ideas, to express one's self in
such a way as to be understood.
- A system of sending and receiving messages.
- A form of interaction or transaction.
- Communication skills are the building blocks of professional relationships between the
nurse and the patient, the nurse and another nurse, the nurse and other healthcare
team members.
- May be the single most significant element in determining helper effectiveness.
- Is a key method for collection of assessment data; the first step of the nursing process.
- Interprofessional communication/collaboration can facilitate the best medical
outcomes.
Types of communication: - answerVERBAL communication = spoken or written. An
exchange using the elements of language. Includes vocabulary, intonation, denotative
and connotative meaning, pacing, clarity, timing, and relevance.
NONVERBAL communication = gestures, facial expressions, personal appearance, eye
contact, posture, body movement, sounds, personal space, dress, silence.
Metacommunication - answer--> the message beyond the literal level of communication.
* Congruent relationship = there is a good fit between verbal and nonverbal
communication.
* Incongruent relationship = the verbal message does not fit with the nonverbal
message.
Zones of Personal Space - answer- Intimate Zone (0-18 inches) = when we are doing
dressing change, or taking vital signs.
- Personal Zone (18 inches to 4 feet) = we are standing at patient's bedside.
- Social Zone (4 to 12 feet) = a nurse standing in the background in a patient's room.
,- Public Zone (12 feet and greater) = nurse doing community education like in a
classroom setting.
Zones of personal touch - answer- Social Zone = we typically don't need permission to
touch this area (hands, arms, shoulders, back).
- Consent Zone = ask for permission to touch these areas (mouth, wrist, feet).
- Vulnerable Zone = where we need special care to approach or touch someone (face,
neck, front of the body).
- Intimate Zone = great sensitivity here so we need caution and permission to touch this
zone (anus/rectum, genital area).
what factors influence the communication process? - answer- Gender.
- Sociocultural differences.
- Environment.
- Physical, mental, or emotional state.
- Developmental considerations (we speak differently to a child than we would to an
adult).
- Values (how we prefer to be communicated with).
when facilitating communication - answer- speak in a normal tone.
- speak on an appropriate developmental level.
- keep the atmosphere quiet and relaxed.
- give adequate time to respond.
- offer comfort and reassurance.
- listen actively to show interest.
AIDET means - answer- Acknowledge the patient and visitors.
- Introduce yourself, your skill set, professional certification and training.
- Duration of procedure or care to be provided.
- Explanation of what the patient can expect related tests, pain, or whatever is
happening next.
- Thank you.
SBAR means - answer- Situation
- Background
- Assessment
- Recommendation
Nurse-Client Therapeutic Relationship - answer- A helping relationship exists among
people who provide and receive assistance in meeting human needs.
- A helping relationship sets the climate for the participants to move toward common
goals to meet human needs.
,- The nurse assists the patient to achieve goals that allow the patient's human needs to
be satisfied.
the nurse-client relationship - answer- is a helping relationship.
- the focus is on the client.
- has an explicit time frame.
- has specific goals.
- has high expectations for confidentiality.
- there is a nonjudgemental acceptance of the client.
- the nurse is responsible for outcomes.
the four phases of the helping relationship: - answer1) Pre Interaction phase = before
meeting the client, the nurse prepares with discussion amongst other care givers review
of history, setting appointments, etc.
2) Orientation phase = the relationship begins when the nurse starts the data-gathering
part of the nursing process.
3) Working phase = the nurse and the patient work together to meet the patient's needs.
4) Termination phase = indicates attainment or progress toward goals.
Elements of Professional Communication - answer- courtesy.
- use of names.
- privacy and confidentiality.
- trustworthiness.
- autonomy and responsibility.
- assertiveness and advocacy.
effective communication promotes positive outcomes, such as... - answer- improved
information flow.
- more effective interventions.
- improved safety.
- enhanced employee morale.
- increased patient and family satisfaction.
- decreased lengths of stay.
Listening skills - answer--> Involves both hearing and interpreting what the patient is
saying. It requires attention and concentration to sort out, evaluate, and validate clues in
order to better understand the true meaning of what is being said.
Tips for listening to patients: - answer- be patient and supportive.
- show interest.
- offer comfort and reassurance.
- give time to think and respond; don't interrupt.
, - avoid criticizing or correcting.
- don't argue.
- focus on feelings too, not just the facts.
- limit distractions; create a quiet environment.
- use active listening skills.
communication and ADVOCACY - answer- taking the client's side, supporting the
client's right to information to make their own decisions about treatment options and
nursing care.
- sharing information reduces anxiety and is an integral part of being therapeutic.
- helping the client become more assertive.
communication and CONFIDENTIALITY - answer- every client has the right to privacy.
- client information should only be shared with professionals involved in their his/her
care.
* 4 questions to ask yourself *
1) do you need this info?
2) do you have a right to the info?
3) where are you discussing the info?
4) with whom are you discussing the info?
communication and RAPPORT (a feeling of mutual trust) - answer- need a comfortable
environment, privacy.
- involves observation and interpretation.
- need good conversational skills.
- need good listening skills.
- use therapeutic communication techniques.
therapeutic communication - answer- facilitates the working of the nurse client
relationship and fulfills the purpose of the nursing process.
- facilitates interactions focused on the client and the client's concerns. the client
expresses and works through feelings and problems related to his/her condition,
treatments, and nursing care.
- it is a learned skill for the nurse.
