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Chain of Survival: Adult - Correct Answers ✅Emergency Cardiovascular
Care
1 - Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency
response system
2 - Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest
compressions
3 - Rapid defibrillation
4 - Effective advanced life support
5 - Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
High-quality CPR - Correct Answers ✅Start compressions within 10
seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
Push hard, push fast: rate of 100/min with a depth of at least 2 in (5cm) for
adults, approximately 2 in (5cm) for children, and approximately 1.5 in (4cm)
for infants.
Allow complete chest recoil for each compression.
Minimize interruptions in compressions (limit to less than 10s).
Give effective breaths that make the chest rise.
Avoid excessive ventilation.
Chain of survival: Pediatric - Correct Answers ✅1 - Prevention of arrest
2 - Early high-quality CPR
3 - Rapid activation of the EMS (or other emergency response) system
4 - Effective advanced life support (including rapid stabilization and transport
to definitive care and rehab)
5 - Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
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2010 AHA Key Changes (sequence) - Correct Answers ✅Changes in BLS
sequence from ABC (airway, breathing, chest compressions) to CAB (chest
compressions, airway, breathing) for adults, children, and infants.
This is because chest compressions were often delayed while rescuer opened
airway, deliver mouth-to-mouth, retrieve barrier device, or gathered and
assembled ventilation equipment.
CAB makes delivery of compressions sooner and the delay in giving breaths
sooner - deliver first cycle of 30 compressions (approximately 18 seconds or
less); for 2-rescuer infant or child CPR the delay will be even shorter.
2010 AHA key Changes (Emphasis on High-Quality CPR) - Correct Answers
✅Compression rate of at least 100/min (rather than "approximately")
Depth of at least 2 in (5cm) for adults and children, 1.5 in (5cm) for infants.
No longer 1.5 - 2 in for adults and absolute depth for children and infants is
deeper than in previous guidelines.
Allowing complete chest recoil, minimizing interruptions in compressions,
and avoiding excessive ventilation continue to be important in high-quality
CPR.
Increased focus on a team approach to CPR.
Example: one rescuer activates EMS, second begins compressions, third is
either providing ventilation or getting equip for it, fourth is getting the
defibrillator and preparing to use it.
2010 AHA Key Changes (No Look, Listen, Feel) - Correct Answers ✅Step
removed because bystanders often failed to start CPR when they observed
agonal gasping. Activate EMS and check for response and breathing
simultaneously. If adult is unresponsive and not breathing normally (only
gasping) and has no pulse, begin CPR. For infant and child, CPR is performed
if the victim is unresponsive and not breathing only gasping and has no
pulse.
For all victims (except newborns) CPR begins with compressions and then
opening airway and giving 2 breaths per cycle.