Chamberlain nr507 midterm exam newest 2025/2026 Complete
Questions and CorreCt detailed answers |already Graded
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Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-- "Allergic reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
- Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-- Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't destroy thyroid
tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage; severe transfusion reaction
occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated
lysis.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-- Type 2: organ
specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface.
- Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-- Immune complex
, - Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, organs)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Facial rash confined to the cheeks
(malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
- Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder
- Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER-- Can be familial: Affected family members may not all
develop the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a
variety of hypersensitivity reactions (autoimmune and allergic reactions).
Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER-- General term used to describe when an individual's
immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species.
- Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against
antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection, Transfusion reaction.
Questions and CorreCt detailed answers |already Graded
a+||already Graded a+
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-- "Allergic reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
- Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-- Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't destroy thyroid
tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage; severe transfusion reaction
occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated
lysis.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-- Type 2: organ
specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface.
- Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-- Immune complex
, - Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, organs)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Facial rash confined to the cheeks
(malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
- Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder
- Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER-- Can be familial: Affected family members may not all
develop the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a
variety of hypersensitivity reactions (autoimmune and allergic reactions).
Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER-- General term used to describe when an individual's
immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species.
- Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against
antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection, Transfusion reaction.
