PLTW HBS 3.1-3.2 Review Exam Questions and
Answers
What are the three resources the body needs to survive? - -oxygen, water, and food
-How long can you survive without each of the resources? - -oxygen- 3 minutes
water- 3 days
food- 3 weeks
-What role does water play in the human body? - -removes bad substances, provides
energy, and temperature balance, water is a carrier, maintains homeostasis
-What role does oxygen play in the human body? - -cellular respiration-> energy (ATP)
-How do personal factors and environmental factors impact the body's ability to survive
without the 3 necessary resources? - -Personal- weight, how much you sweat, body
disorders
Environmental- rigor, temperature, altitude
-What are the main functions of the digestive system? - -to mechanically and chemically
digest food
-What is the function of the salivary glands? - -produce saliva and keep mouth and other
digestive system parts moist
-What is a bolus? - -rounded mass of substance
-What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the oral cavity? - -Mechanical- chewing
Chemical- saliva breaking down food
-What mechanisms are in place to make sure food does not "go down the wrong tube" and
into the windpipe? - -epiglottis separates the esophagus from the trachea
-What is peristaltic movement and how does it function in the esophagus? - -a muscle
contraction that brings food to the esophagus
-What is chyme and how does the stomach mix this material? - -acidic fluid passing from
the stomach to the small intestine; combines food, enzymes, and gastric fluids
-What are sphincters and how are they related to the stomach? - -openings in and out of
the stomach
-What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the stomach? - -Mechanical- churning
of food
Answers
What are the three resources the body needs to survive? - -oxygen, water, and food
-How long can you survive without each of the resources? - -oxygen- 3 minutes
water- 3 days
food- 3 weeks
-What role does water play in the human body? - -removes bad substances, provides
energy, and temperature balance, water is a carrier, maintains homeostasis
-What role does oxygen play in the human body? - -cellular respiration-> energy (ATP)
-How do personal factors and environmental factors impact the body's ability to survive
without the 3 necessary resources? - -Personal- weight, how much you sweat, body
disorders
Environmental- rigor, temperature, altitude
-What are the main functions of the digestive system? - -to mechanically and chemically
digest food
-What is the function of the salivary glands? - -produce saliva and keep mouth and other
digestive system parts moist
-What is a bolus? - -rounded mass of substance
-What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the oral cavity? - -Mechanical- chewing
Chemical- saliva breaking down food
-What mechanisms are in place to make sure food does not "go down the wrong tube" and
into the windpipe? - -epiglottis separates the esophagus from the trachea
-What is peristaltic movement and how does it function in the esophagus? - -a muscle
contraction that brings food to the esophagus
-What is chyme and how does the stomach mix this material? - -acidic fluid passing from
the stomach to the small intestine; combines food, enzymes, and gastric fluids
-What are sphincters and how are they related to the stomach? - -openings in and out of
the stomach
-What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the stomach? - -Mechanical- churning
of food
