1
NR 547 FINAL EXAM NEWEST VERSION -2025/2026- 100+
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
TCAs
-Action: inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine; blocks
norepinephrine, histamine, and acetylcholine receptors
-Examples: amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin
-Common Side Effects:
• dry mouth
• constipation
• blurred vision
• urinary retention
• sedation
• weight gain
• hypotension
• tachycardia
• sexual dysfunction
SNRIs
-inhibit 5-HT reuptake
-inhibit NE reuptake (↑ energy, focus)
-increase DA in prefrontal cortex (↑ cognition)
-Examples: desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, venlafaxine
, 2
-Adverse effects:
• elevated blood pressure
• nausea
• sweating
• tremors
• anxiety
• insomnia
• constipation
• anorexia
• sexual dysfunction
SDRIs
-inhibit DA reuptake (↑alertness, motivation)
-inhibit NE reuptake (↑energy)
-Adverse effects:
• agitation
• headache
• dry mouth
• constipation
• weight loss
MAOIs
-Action: increases norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting the enzyme that
inactivates it
-Examples: isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine
, 3
-Common Side Effects:
• sedation
• dizziness
• sexual dysfunction
• hypertensive crisis
Prescribing pearls: citalopram (Celexa)
mild antihistamine effects
Prescribing pearls: escitalopram (Lexapro)
no known drug interactions
Prescribing pearls: fluoxetine (Prozac)
longest half-life
Prescribing pearls: paroxetine (Paxil)
also treats social anxiety and insomnia
Prescribing pearls: fluvoxamine (Luvox)
treats anxious depression smokers require increased dose
Prescribing pearls: sertraline (Zoloft)
also treats social anxiety and hypersomnolence
Prescribing pearls: bupropion (Wellbutrin)
NDRI may improve energy, alertness, and motivation; not first line treatment for
anxiety; contraindicated in clients with a history of seizures
Prescribing pearls: duloxetine (Cymbalta)
effective for atypical pain at higher doses; appropriate for clients who present
with somatic symptoms of depression; effective for atypical pain, such as
fibromyalgia and diabetic neuropathy
, 4
Prescribing pearls: venlafaxine (Effexor)
treats both depression and anxiety disorders, ensure trial of higher dose before
switching to a different medication
Prescribing pearls: desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
effective for perimenopausal vasomotor symptoms
considered when selecting a medication:
-Client preference
-Prior treatment response
-Anticipated adverse effects
-Comorbidities
-Half-life and interactions
-Cost
if a medication is not achieving efficacy:
-Increase dose gradually
-Switch to a different drug within the same class
-Switch to drug in a different class
-Add a second medication
Use to protect against suicide
lithium
MDD and BPD genetics
genetic factors contribute 31-42% of the disease risk in MDD and 59-85% in BPD
monoamine hypothesis of depression
-posits that depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three
monoamine transmitters
NR 547 FINAL EXAM NEWEST VERSION -2025/2026- 100+
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
TCAs
-Action: inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine; blocks
norepinephrine, histamine, and acetylcholine receptors
-Examples: amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin
-Common Side Effects:
• dry mouth
• constipation
• blurred vision
• urinary retention
• sedation
• weight gain
• hypotension
• tachycardia
• sexual dysfunction
SNRIs
-inhibit 5-HT reuptake
-inhibit NE reuptake (↑ energy, focus)
-increase DA in prefrontal cortex (↑ cognition)
-Examples: desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, venlafaxine
, 2
-Adverse effects:
• elevated blood pressure
• nausea
• sweating
• tremors
• anxiety
• insomnia
• constipation
• anorexia
• sexual dysfunction
SDRIs
-inhibit DA reuptake (↑alertness, motivation)
-inhibit NE reuptake (↑energy)
-Adverse effects:
• agitation
• headache
• dry mouth
• constipation
• weight loss
MAOIs
-Action: increases norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting the enzyme that
inactivates it
-Examples: isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine
, 3
-Common Side Effects:
• sedation
• dizziness
• sexual dysfunction
• hypertensive crisis
Prescribing pearls: citalopram (Celexa)
mild antihistamine effects
Prescribing pearls: escitalopram (Lexapro)
no known drug interactions
Prescribing pearls: fluoxetine (Prozac)
longest half-life
Prescribing pearls: paroxetine (Paxil)
also treats social anxiety and insomnia
Prescribing pearls: fluvoxamine (Luvox)
treats anxious depression smokers require increased dose
Prescribing pearls: sertraline (Zoloft)
also treats social anxiety and hypersomnolence
Prescribing pearls: bupropion (Wellbutrin)
NDRI may improve energy, alertness, and motivation; not first line treatment for
anxiety; contraindicated in clients with a history of seizures
Prescribing pearls: duloxetine (Cymbalta)
effective for atypical pain at higher doses; appropriate for clients who present
with somatic symptoms of depression; effective for atypical pain, such as
fibromyalgia and diabetic neuropathy
, 4
Prescribing pearls: venlafaxine (Effexor)
treats both depression and anxiety disorders, ensure trial of higher dose before
switching to a different medication
Prescribing pearls: desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
effective for perimenopausal vasomotor symptoms
considered when selecting a medication:
-Client preference
-Prior treatment response
-Anticipated adverse effects
-Comorbidities
-Half-life and interactions
-Cost
if a medication is not achieving efficacy:
-Increase dose gradually
-Switch to a different drug within the same class
-Switch to drug in a different class
-Add a second medication
Use to protect against suicide
lithium
MDD and BPD genetics
genetic factors contribute 31-42% of the disease risk in MDD and 59-85% in BPD
monoamine hypothesis of depression
-posits that depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three
monoamine transmitters
