@UPPCS_POLYMATH
@shaktirathaur
SHA
90
, STONE AGE Early Vedic vs Later Vedic Period...............
Palaeolithic Age (Old Stone Age)........................................ 4 DEVELOPMENT IN PHILOSO
Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) ..................................... 4 Introduction: Indian Philosophical Tradition
Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) .......................................... 5 Astika (Orthodox) Schools of Philosophy ...
Chalcolithic Age (Copper-Stone Age) ................................. 5 Individual School .....................................
Major Archaeological Contributions .................................. 6 Nāstika (Heterodox) Philosophical System
Major Chalcolithic Cultures in India ................................... 7 PAINTED GREY WARE (PGW) C
Culture-Wise Features ..................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................
Comparative Table: Chalcolithic Cultures at a Glance ........ 8 Pottery Features ......................................
Pottery Types & Decoration Styles ..................................... 8 Chronology & Cultural Context .................
Key Fact Box .................................................................... 8 Major PGW Sites ......................................
Chalcolithic vs Harappan Culture: Key Differences............. 9 Socio-Economic & Material Life ................
THE HARAPPAN CULTURE: BRONZE AGE Cultural-Religious Links ...........................
CIVILISATION
INDIA IN THE SIXTH CENT
Introduction to Harappan Civilization ................................ 9
Historical Background ..............................
Geographical Extent ......................................................... 9
Political Conditions – Rise of Mahajanapad
Important Harappan Sites ................................................. 9
List of the 16 Mahajanapadas ...................
Harappan Town Planning & Architecture .......................... 11
Types of Polities .......................................
Society & Religion........................................................... 12
Social Conditions in 6th Century BCE ........
Economy & Trade ........................................................... 12
Economic Changes ..................................
Script & Measurement System ........................................ 12
Religious Climate – Heterodox Revolt ........
Harappan Art and Craft ................................................... 12
BUDDHISM
Technology and Science ................................................. 13
Life of Gautama Buddha ...........................
Decline of Harappan Civilization ..................................... 13
Core Doctrine of Buddhism ......................
Late Harappan Phase Traits ............................................ 13
Buddhist Councils (Sangiti) ......................
Comparison Table: Harappan vs Contemporary Civilizations
Buddhist Sects – Evolution .......................
..................................................................................... 13
Buddhist Literature ..................................
THE VEDIC PERIOD
Sources of Vedic History ................................................. 13 Buddhist Symbols (Aniconic Phase) ..........
Rigvedic Political Structure ............................................. 14 Royal Patronage & Spread ........................
Rigvedic Society ............................................................. 14 Buddhist Art & Architecture ......................
Rigvedic Religion ............................................................ 14 JAINISM
Rigvedic Economy .......................................................... 14 Origin & Historical Background .................
Literature of the Rigvedic Age .......................................... 15 Vardhamana Mahavira – Life Events ..........
Rigveda – Core of Rigvedic Literature ............................... 15 Core Doctrines of Jainism .........................
Samaveda – Veda of Chants ............................................ 17 Jain Sects – Digambara vs Svetambara ......
, Vakataka Dynasty ....................................
PERSIAN AND MACEDONIAN INVASIONS Ikshvakus (Andhra Ikshvakus) ...................
Introduction: Importance of Foreign Invasions ................. 30
The Kadambas........................................
Achaemenid (Persian) Invasion ....................................... 30
EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH
Administration & Cultural Influence ................................. 30 overview of sangam age ...........................
Macedonian Invasion — Alexander the Great ................... 30 Cholas ....................................................
THE RISE OF MAGADH Cheras ....................................................
Introduction ................................................................... 31 Pandyas ..................................................
Geographical Advantage ................................................. 32 Sangam literature ....................................
Economic Strength ......................................................... 32 THE GUPTA EMPIRE
Political & Administrative Factors .................................... 32 Origin & founders .....................................
Military Advantages ........................................................ 32 Chandragupta i (c. 319–335 ce).................
Dynastic Contributions ................................................... 32 Samudragupta (c. 335–375 ce) ................
Haryanka dynasty (544 bce – ~413 bce) ........................... 32 Chandragupta ii (vikramaditya) .................
Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 bce – c. 345 bce) ................... 33 Kumaragupta i (c. 415–455 ce) ..................
Nanda dynasty (c. 345 bce – 321 bce) .............................. 33 Skandagupta (c. 455–467 ce) ....................
THE MAURYAN PERIOD — EMERGENCE OF AN EARLY Decline of the guptas ...............................
EMPIRE Administration under the Guptas ..............
Founding of mauryan empire & sources ........................... 34 Economy .................................................
Sources of mauryan history............................................. 34 society ....................................................
Archaeological sources: ................................................. 34 religion ....................................................
Geographical extent under chandragupta ........................ 34 Gupta art & architecture ...........................
Chandragupta ................................................................ 34 Gupta age: literature & science .................
Society during chandragupta’s reign ................................ 35 THE REIGN OF HARSHA (HARSHA
Bindusara (c. 297–273 bce) ............................................. 36 Political history ........................................
Ashoka (c. 273–232 bce) ................................................. 36 Harsha (harshavardhana) .........................
Ashoka’s inscriptions ..................................................... 37 Administration .........................................
Art & architecture under the mauryas .............................. 37 Religion ...................................................
Mauryan administration (refined under ashoka)................ 38 Literature & culture ..................................
Decline of mauryan empire ............................................. 38 Foreign accounts – xuan zang (huen tsang)
Mauryan Administration.................................................. 39 Legacy of harsha ......................................
POST-MAURYAN INDIA SOUTH INDIAN KINGDO
Shunga Dynasty (c. 185–73 BCE) ..................................... 41 Chalukyas (6th to 12th Century CE) – Bad
Kanvas Dynasty (c. 73–28 BCE) ....................................... 41 Chalukyas) ..............................................
Satavahanas (c. 1st century BCE – 3rd century CE) ........... 42 Chalukyas (10th to 12th Century CE) – Kaly
Chalukyas) ..............................................
FOREIGN INVADERS & DYNASTIES
Rashtrakutas (757–973 CE).......................
@shaktirathaur
SHA
90
, STONE AGE Early Vedic vs Later Vedic Period...............
Palaeolithic Age (Old Stone Age)........................................ 4 DEVELOPMENT IN PHILOSO
Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) ..................................... 4 Introduction: Indian Philosophical Tradition
Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) .......................................... 5 Astika (Orthodox) Schools of Philosophy ...
Chalcolithic Age (Copper-Stone Age) ................................. 5 Individual School .....................................
Major Archaeological Contributions .................................. 6 Nāstika (Heterodox) Philosophical System
Major Chalcolithic Cultures in India ................................... 7 PAINTED GREY WARE (PGW) C
Culture-Wise Features ..................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................
Comparative Table: Chalcolithic Cultures at a Glance ........ 8 Pottery Features ......................................
Pottery Types & Decoration Styles ..................................... 8 Chronology & Cultural Context .................
Key Fact Box .................................................................... 8 Major PGW Sites ......................................
Chalcolithic vs Harappan Culture: Key Differences............. 9 Socio-Economic & Material Life ................
THE HARAPPAN CULTURE: BRONZE AGE Cultural-Religious Links ...........................
CIVILISATION
INDIA IN THE SIXTH CENT
Introduction to Harappan Civilization ................................ 9
Historical Background ..............................
Geographical Extent ......................................................... 9
Political Conditions – Rise of Mahajanapad
Important Harappan Sites ................................................. 9
List of the 16 Mahajanapadas ...................
Harappan Town Planning & Architecture .......................... 11
Types of Polities .......................................
Society & Religion........................................................... 12
Social Conditions in 6th Century BCE ........
Economy & Trade ........................................................... 12
Economic Changes ..................................
Script & Measurement System ........................................ 12
Religious Climate – Heterodox Revolt ........
Harappan Art and Craft ................................................... 12
BUDDHISM
Technology and Science ................................................. 13
Life of Gautama Buddha ...........................
Decline of Harappan Civilization ..................................... 13
Core Doctrine of Buddhism ......................
Late Harappan Phase Traits ............................................ 13
Buddhist Councils (Sangiti) ......................
Comparison Table: Harappan vs Contemporary Civilizations
Buddhist Sects – Evolution .......................
..................................................................................... 13
Buddhist Literature ..................................
THE VEDIC PERIOD
Sources of Vedic History ................................................. 13 Buddhist Symbols (Aniconic Phase) ..........
Rigvedic Political Structure ............................................. 14 Royal Patronage & Spread ........................
Rigvedic Society ............................................................. 14 Buddhist Art & Architecture ......................
Rigvedic Religion ............................................................ 14 JAINISM
Rigvedic Economy .......................................................... 14 Origin & Historical Background .................
Literature of the Rigvedic Age .......................................... 15 Vardhamana Mahavira – Life Events ..........
Rigveda – Core of Rigvedic Literature ............................... 15 Core Doctrines of Jainism .........................
Samaveda – Veda of Chants ............................................ 17 Jain Sects – Digambara vs Svetambara ......
, Vakataka Dynasty ....................................
PERSIAN AND MACEDONIAN INVASIONS Ikshvakus (Andhra Ikshvakus) ...................
Introduction: Importance of Foreign Invasions ................. 30
The Kadambas........................................
Achaemenid (Persian) Invasion ....................................... 30
EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH
Administration & Cultural Influence ................................. 30 overview of sangam age ...........................
Macedonian Invasion — Alexander the Great ................... 30 Cholas ....................................................
THE RISE OF MAGADH Cheras ....................................................
Introduction ................................................................... 31 Pandyas ..................................................
Geographical Advantage ................................................. 32 Sangam literature ....................................
Economic Strength ......................................................... 32 THE GUPTA EMPIRE
Political & Administrative Factors .................................... 32 Origin & founders .....................................
Military Advantages ........................................................ 32 Chandragupta i (c. 319–335 ce).................
Dynastic Contributions ................................................... 32 Samudragupta (c. 335–375 ce) ................
Haryanka dynasty (544 bce – ~413 bce) ........................... 32 Chandragupta ii (vikramaditya) .................
Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 bce – c. 345 bce) ................... 33 Kumaragupta i (c. 415–455 ce) ..................
Nanda dynasty (c. 345 bce – 321 bce) .............................. 33 Skandagupta (c. 455–467 ce) ....................
THE MAURYAN PERIOD — EMERGENCE OF AN EARLY Decline of the guptas ...............................
EMPIRE Administration under the Guptas ..............
Founding of mauryan empire & sources ........................... 34 Economy .................................................
Sources of mauryan history............................................. 34 society ....................................................
Archaeological sources: ................................................. 34 religion ....................................................
Geographical extent under chandragupta ........................ 34 Gupta art & architecture ...........................
Chandragupta ................................................................ 34 Gupta age: literature & science .................
Society during chandragupta’s reign ................................ 35 THE REIGN OF HARSHA (HARSHA
Bindusara (c. 297–273 bce) ............................................. 36 Political history ........................................
Ashoka (c. 273–232 bce) ................................................. 36 Harsha (harshavardhana) .........................
Ashoka’s inscriptions ..................................................... 37 Administration .........................................
Art & architecture under the mauryas .............................. 37 Religion ...................................................
Mauryan administration (refined under ashoka)................ 38 Literature & culture ..................................
Decline of mauryan empire ............................................. 38 Foreign accounts – xuan zang (huen tsang)
Mauryan Administration.................................................. 39 Legacy of harsha ......................................
POST-MAURYAN INDIA SOUTH INDIAN KINGDO
Shunga Dynasty (c. 185–73 BCE) ..................................... 41 Chalukyas (6th to 12th Century CE) – Bad
Kanvas Dynasty (c. 73–28 BCE) ....................................... 41 Chalukyas) ..............................................
Satavahanas (c. 1st century BCE – 3rd century CE) ........... 42 Chalukyas (10th to 12th Century CE) – Kaly
Chalukyas) ..............................................
FOREIGN INVADERS & DYNASTIES
Rashtrakutas (757–973 CE).......................
