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General Information on Endocrinology – Part 1, Dr. Cheham, introduction to endocrine system physiology

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This document introduces the fundamentals of the endocrine system, its role in communication, regulation, and adaptation through hormones and neurohormones. It explains the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands, the structural and functional classification of hormones, their transport in the blood, and receptor mechanisms. The mechanisms of action of water-soluble and fat-soluble hormones are detailed, along with the principles of hormonal secretion regulation (hormonal, humoral, and nervous stimuli). This serves as a complete introductory overview of endocrinology.

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The endocrine system connects organs to each other.
• It is a communication system of the body
• How? Via a chemical message: a hormone secreted by an
endocrine gland
• Another communication system: the nervous system via neurons. The
nervous and endocrine systems interact together .

,  The endocrine system allows the body to adapt to situations

which are imposed on it by producing hormones and neuro-hormones (ADH and
OXYTOCIN)

 Is a regulatory and coordinating system made up of endocrine glands
distributed throughout the body. These glands produce chemical
messengers called hormones, which they release into the blood.



Endocrine vs Exocrine
Endocrine glands : Glands that secrete their hormones directly

in the blood ( do not have ducts; they produce their hormones and secrete them
directly into the blood.) so it is richly vascularized

Ex : ovaries, testicles, pancreas, pituitary gland, adrenal, thyroid

Exocrine glands: Glands with an excretory duct to release

a substance ( have ducts through which they secrete sweat, milk and digestive
enzymes.)

Ex : sweat, salivary, lacrimal

Hormone: It is a chemical substance produced by a gland and which is
transported by the blood to all parts of the body. In certain places, the
hormone exerts its effect or has a particular influence

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Uploaded on
September 10, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2025/2026
Type
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