NYSTCE Visual Arts (079) Test Questions And
Answers Verified 100% Correct
oil painting - ANSWER -a fine art medium first used in the 15th century in N. Europe
-Van Eyck used oil on wood panels first
-later people started to use canvas at the end of the 15th cent.
-allows for longer working time (longer drying) than acrylic
-stays workable on the palette for 4-6 hours
-can take a full 6 months for an oil painting to dry fully
-more blending possible on the canvas than acrylic
-"fat over lean" - increased oil content in paint on the outer layers
acrylic paint - ANSWER -water soluble
-dries more quickly than oil
-less blending possible
-turns into a kind of plastic when it dries
-dried acrylic cannot be removed from a paint brush easily
-can be used as a base for oil paintings (but not the other way around)
-has only been used since the 1940's
-more media can be layered on top of it than oils, makes it good for collage
-15-20 mins drying time for each layer
-first developed for housepainting but got recognition as an art material after Warhol
used it
watercolor - ANSWER -first used widely during the Renaissance
-it is pigment added to gum arabic binder
-transparent and layered techniques are used
watercolor brushes - ANSWER shorter handle with either natural or synthetic hairs
egg tempera - ANSWER -A painting medium in which ground pigments are bound with
egg yolk
-tempera was replaced by oil paint in the 15th century
-substances such as white wine, vinegar, and water can be added to keep the dry paint
from cracking
-dries quickly
-continual adding of water
-short brushstrokes used
-cross hatching can be utilized
-20th century artists began using it again
,gouache - ANSWER -An opaque, water-soluble paint.
-gum arabic is the binder, white pigment added making it more opaque than watercolor
-can be rewet
-dries matte
-term first used in 18th cent France but the material was used in 9th century Persia prior
acrylic paint brushes - ANSWER -have stiffer natural or synthetic hairs (like hog
bristles)
-can be cleaned with soap and water
-longer handles than watercolor
oil paint brushes - ANSWER -have stiffer natural or synthetic hairs (like hog bristles)
-must be cleaned with paint thinner first
-longer handles than watercolor brushes
-longer handles balance the weight of the ferrule and tip
drying oils - ANSWER -ex. linseed or poppy oil
-added to oil paints to decrease drying times and to thin the consistency -
acrylic paint can be thinned in a variety of ways
primer - ANSWER -a base for painting
-most often the primer is gesso
masking fluid - ANSWER A latex gum product that is used to cover a surface you wish
to protect from receiving water color paint (acts like painter's tape)
palette - ANSWER -board on which a painter mixes paints
-can be masonite or wood, etc
wood for painting - ANSWER -used as oil and acrylic painting
-minimizes cracking because of its rigidity
-should be primed before with gesso, sanded to create smooth texture
canvas - ANSWER -most popular painting surface for oils, after the 17th century
-popular also for acrylic
canvas boards - ANSWER -made from canvas stretched over rigid cardboard and pre-
primed for the buyer
underpainting - ANSWER -an initial layer of paint applied to a ground, which serves as
a base for subsequent layers of paint
-may be used to lay out highlights and shadows
,-for an oil painting, can be done in acrylic
tonal underpainting - ANSWER -underpainting done with just one color to establish
layout and tones
glazing - ANSWER -layering of transparent colors over a dried opaque color
-allow each layer to dry before doing another one
-used to create complex colors such as skin tones
-create a blending effect without blending (just layering)
-METHOD OF COLOR MIXING for Renaissance painters, instead of mixing on the
palette
dry brush - ANSWER -In watercolor painting, a technique in which very little color
or water is on the brush -rough texture is created
-scratchy
-evident brushstrokes
sgraffito - ANSWER -technique of scratching through a layer of paint to reveal a layer
underneath
-can use a palette knife
wet-on-wet - ANSWER -a water color technique where you paint on already wet paper
-causes colors to blend into eachother
a wash - ANSWER -a thin, transparent layer of paint or ink (watercolor)
-adds a large area of color to a painting
flat wash - ANSWER large area of one color, in watercolor
graded wash - ANSWER large area that goes from one color to white or another color,
gradually.
plein air - ANSWER -painting outdoors
-increased in popularity in the 1840's when paint became available in tubes, use of
box easel -used by Monet
-capturing of the natural light and scenes of the day
-can be done in any painting medium
box easel (or field easel) - ANSWER a box that the artist can use to carry their painting
materials, opens up into an easel
alla prima - ANSWER -painting wet paint onto wet paint
-no drying of the layers
, -can be completed in one sitting
-spontaneous and fresh look
trompe l'oeil - ANSWER -visual illusion in art, used to trick the eye into perceiving a
painted detail as a three-dimensional object.
-phrase first used in the Baroque period but was used before in Greek and Roman
murals
di sotto in sù - ANSWER -in Italian means "from below upwards."
-A technique of representing perspective in ceiling paintings.
-use of foreshortening to create illusion of more space
-in the Renaissance
-a kind of trompe l'oeil
impasto - ANSWER -thick laying of paint on surface with brush or palette knife
-visible brushstrokes
-gives texture, may make the painting appear 3D
Filippo Brunelleschi - ANSWER -credited with discovering geometric perspective in
1413
-Renaissance architect that created the dome
one point perspective - ANSWER -a perspective system with a single vanishing point
on the horizon
-seen in the Last Supper
apprentice - ANSWER A person who works for another in order to learn a trade
tradesman - ANSWER In the medieval era, a painter was considered a tradesman and
not an artist
the apprentice system - ANSWER -began in the medieval era and continued to the
Renaissance until the painter was considered an artist
-apprentices would often paint the entire painting for a master artist, or the
backgrounds.
brayer - ANSWER -a handtool used to spread ink out onto a printmaking surface
burnisher - ANSWER -a smooth metal tool used to smooth the surface on an intaglio
printing plate, polishes metal surface to reduce texture and ability to hold ink
-OR a small handtool used to rub paper to transfer the ink from the plate
plate - ANSWER -a copper or zinc sheet of metal used for intaglio printmaking
Answers Verified 100% Correct
oil painting - ANSWER -a fine art medium first used in the 15th century in N. Europe
-Van Eyck used oil on wood panels first
-later people started to use canvas at the end of the 15th cent.
-allows for longer working time (longer drying) than acrylic
-stays workable on the palette for 4-6 hours
-can take a full 6 months for an oil painting to dry fully
-more blending possible on the canvas than acrylic
-"fat over lean" - increased oil content in paint on the outer layers
acrylic paint - ANSWER -water soluble
-dries more quickly than oil
-less blending possible
-turns into a kind of plastic when it dries
-dried acrylic cannot be removed from a paint brush easily
-can be used as a base for oil paintings (but not the other way around)
-has only been used since the 1940's
-more media can be layered on top of it than oils, makes it good for collage
-15-20 mins drying time for each layer
-first developed for housepainting but got recognition as an art material after Warhol
used it
watercolor - ANSWER -first used widely during the Renaissance
-it is pigment added to gum arabic binder
-transparent and layered techniques are used
watercolor brushes - ANSWER shorter handle with either natural or synthetic hairs
egg tempera - ANSWER -A painting medium in which ground pigments are bound with
egg yolk
-tempera was replaced by oil paint in the 15th century
-substances such as white wine, vinegar, and water can be added to keep the dry paint
from cracking
-dries quickly
-continual adding of water
-short brushstrokes used
-cross hatching can be utilized
-20th century artists began using it again
,gouache - ANSWER -An opaque, water-soluble paint.
-gum arabic is the binder, white pigment added making it more opaque than watercolor
-can be rewet
-dries matte
-term first used in 18th cent France but the material was used in 9th century Persia prior
acrylic paint brushes - ANSWER -have stiffer natural or synthetic hairs (like hog
bristles)
-can be cleaned with soap and water
-longer handles than watercolor
oil paint brushes - ANSWER -have stiffer natural or synthetic hairs (like hog bristles)
-must be cleaned with paint thinner first
-longer handles than watercolor brushes
-longer handles balance the weight of the ferrule and tip
drying oils - ANSWER -ex. linseed or poppy oil
-added to oil paints to decrease drying times and to thin the consistency -
acrylic paint can be thinned in a variety of ways
primer - ANSWER -a base for painting
-most often the primer is gesso
masking fluid - ANSWER A latex gum product that is used to cover a surface you wish
to protect from receiving water color paint (acts like painter's tape)
palette - ANSWER -board on which a painter mixes paints
-can be masonite or wood, etc
wood for painting - ANSWER -used as oil and acrylic painting
-minimizes cracking because of its rigidity
-should be primed before with gesso, sanded to create smooth texture
canvas - ANSWER -most popular painting surface for oils, after the 17th century
-popular also for acrylic
canvas boards - ANSWER -made from canvas stretched over rigid cardboard and pre-
primed for the buyer
underpainting - ANSWER -an initial layer of paint applied to a ground, which serves as
a base for subsequent layers of paint
-may be used to lay out highlights and shadows
,-for an oil painting, can be done in acrylic
tonal underpainting - ANSWER -underpainting done with just one color to establish
layout and tones
glazing - ANSWER -layering of transparent colors over a dried opaque color
-allow each layer to dry before doing another one
-used to create complex colors such as skin tones
-create a blending effect without blending (just layering)
-METHOD OF COLOR MIXING for Renaissance painters, instead of mixing on the
palette
dry brush - ANSWER -In watercolor painting, a technique in which very little color
or water is on the brush -rough texture is created
-scratchy
-evident brushstrokes
sgraffito - ANSWER -technique of scratching through a layer of paint to reveal a layer
underneath
-can use a palette knife
wet-on-wet - ANSWER -a water color technique where you paint on already wet paper
-causes colors to blend into eachother
a wash - ANSWER -a thin, transparent layer of paint or ink (watercolor)
-adds a large area of color to a painting
flat wash - ANSWER large area of one color, in watercolor
graded wash - ANSWER large area that goes from one color to white or another color,
gradually.
plein air - ANSWER -painting outdoors
-increased in popularity in the 1840's when paint became available in tubes, use of
box easel -used by Monet
-capturing of the natural light and scenes of the day
-can be done in any painting medium
box easel (or field easel) - ANSWER a box that the artist can use to carry their painting
materials, opens up into an easel
alla prima - ANSWER -painting wet paint onto wet paint
-no drying of the layers
, -can be completed in one sitting
-spontaneous and fresh look
trompe l'oeil - ANSWER -visual illusion in art, used to trick the eye into perceiving a
painted detail as a three-dimensional object.
-phrase first used in the Baroque period but was used before in Greek and Roman
murals
di sotto in sù - ANSWER -in Italian means "from below upwards."
-A technique of representing perspective in ceiling paintings.
-use of foreshortening to create illusion of more space
-in the Renaissance
-a kind of trompe l'oeil
impasto - ANSWER -thick laying of paint on surface with brush or palette knife
-visible brushstrokes
-gives texture, may make the painting appear 3D
Filippo Brunelleschi - ANSWER -credited with discovering geometric perspective in
1413
-Renaissance architect that created the dome
one point perspective - ANSWER -a perspective system with a single vanishing point
on the horizon
-seen in the Last Supper
apprentice - ANSWER A person who works for another in order to learn a trade
tradesman - ANSWER In the medieval era, a painter was considered a tradesman and
not an artist
the apprentice system - ANSWER -began in the medieval era and continued to the
Renaissance until the painter was considered an artist
-apprentices would often paint the entire painting for a master artist, or the
backgrounds.
brayer - ANSWER -a handtool used to spread ink out onto a printmaking surface
burnisher - ANSWER -a smooth metal tool used to smooth the surface on an intaglio
printing plate, polishes metal surface to reduce texture and ability to hold ink
-OR a small handtool used to rub paper to transfer the ink from the plate
plate - ANSWER -a copper or zinc sheet of metal used for intaglio printmaking
