1. A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.
Answer: False
Explanation:
• Bodybuilders experience hypertrophy (increase in muscle fiber
size), not hyperplasia (increase in cell number). **Arnold received
a huge trophy for getting huge hypertrophy muscles**
• Hyperplasia occurs in tissues with high cell turnover (e.g., uterine
lining during pregnancy, wound healing).
💡 Memory Tip: “Hyper = more cells, Hypertrophy = bigger cells.”
2. Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia.
Answer: False
Explanation:
• Barrett esophagus is metaplasia — replacement of squamous
epithelium with columnar epithelium due to chronic acid reflux.
• Dysplasia = abnormal, disordered cell growth, often precancerous
(e.g., cervical dysplasia).
Barrett esophagus is a precancerous condition where chronic GERD
damages the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the lower
esophagus. The body adapts by replacing it with columnar epithelium
containing goblet cells (like the intestine, mucus-secreting cells), a process
called intestinal metaplasia. This new lining resists acid better but
increases cancer risk.
💡 Memory tip: “Barrett builds barriers” — the esophagus builds a new
lining (columnar) to “protect” from acid, but it comes at a cancer risk.
3. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused
by an increase in the number of cells.
Answer: False
Explanation:
, • Hypertrophy = increase in cell size, not cell number.
• Increase in cell number = hyperplasia.
4. Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
Answer: True
Examples:
• Normal: Exercise → skeletal muscle enlargement.
• Pathological: Hypertension → left ventricular hypertrophy.
5. Match the following:
Definition Correct
Term
Deals with the cause of death in a population Mortality
Number of new cases in a population at risk Incidence
during a specified time
Number of people with the disease in a population Prevalenc
at a given time e
Effect of illness on one’s life Morbidity
💡 Memory Tip: I = new cases (Incidence), P = present cases
(Prevalence).
6. Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
Answer: “It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes” is NOT true.
Explanation:
• The cytoskeleton is made of microtubules, microfilaments,
intermediate filaments.
Answer: False
Explanation:
• Bodybuilders experience hypertrophy (increase in muscle fiber
size), not hyperplasia (increase in cell number). **Arnold received
a huge trophy for getting huge hypertrophy muscles**
• Hyperplasia occurs in tissues with high cell turnover (e.g., uterine
lining during pregnancy, wound healing).
💡 Memory Tip: “Hyper = more cells, Hypertrophy = bigger cells.”
2. Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia.
Answer: False
Explanation:
• Barrett esophagus is metaplasia — replacement of squamous
epithelium with columnar epithelium due to chronic acid reflux.
• Dysplasia = abnormal, disordered cell growth, often precancerous
(e.g., cervical dysplasia).
Barrett esophagus is a precancerous condition where chronic GERD
damages the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the lower
esophagus. The body adapts by replacing it with columnar epithelium
containing goblet cells (like the intestine, mucus-secreting cells), a process
called intestinal metaplasia. This new lining resists acid better but
increases cancer risk.
💡 Memory tip: “Barrett builds barriers” — the esophagus builds a new
lining (columnar) to “protect” from acid, but it comes at a cancer risk.
3. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused
by an increase in the number of cells.
Answer: False
Explanation:
, • Hypertrophy = increase in cell size, not cell number.
• Increase in cell number = hyperplasia.
4. Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
Answer: True
Examples:
• Normal: Exercise → skeletal muscle enlargement.
• Pathological: Hypertension → left ventricular hypertrophy.
5. Match the following:
Definition Correct
Term
Deals with the cause of death in a population Mortality
Number of new cases in a population at risk Incidence
during a specified time
Number of people with the disease in a population Prevalenc
at a given time e
Effect of illness on one’s life Morbidity
💡 Memory Tip: I = new cases (Incidence), P = present cases
(Prevalence).
6. Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
Answer: “It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes” is NOT true.
Explanation:
• The cytoskeleton is made of microtubules, microfilaments,
intermediate filaments.
