Exam 1 Study Guide: Modules 1-4
Module 1:
● Chapter 1 and 2
● Describe legal and ethical issues that influence nursing care of childbearing families:
○ 3 Types of Ethical Approaches:
■ Utilitarianism: principle of distributing resources to produce the greatest
good for the most people and opposes using large amounts of resources for
the benefit of a few
■ Libertarianism: promotes the idea that some people are more valuable to
society than others and thus need to be given the resources the require to
survive
■ Egalitarianism: focuses on the belief that all people are equal; emphasizes
distributing resources according to need to protect those in society who are
marginalized and vulnerable
○ ANA 9 Provisions in code of ethics, practice Standards:
■ Provision 1: The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the
inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every person
■ Provision 2: nurse’s primary commitment is to patient
■ Provision 3: nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the
health, safety, and rights of all patients
■ Provision 4: the nurse has authority, accountability, and responsibility for
nurse practices, decisions, and actions consistent with the nurses
obligation to promote health and provide optimum care
■ Provision 5: the nurse owes the same duties to self as others, including
the responsibility to promote health and safety, to preserve wholeness of
character and integrity, to maintain competence, and to continue personal
and professional growth
■ Provision 6: the nurse, through individual and collective effort,
establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical env of the work setting
and provides quality health care
■ Provision 7: the nurse, in all roles and settings, advances the profession
through research and scholarly inquiry development of professional
standards and policy
■ Provision 8: the nurse collaborates with other health prof and the public to
promote human rights and health diplomacy and to decrease health
disparities
■ Provision 9: the profession of nursing, collectively through its prof
organizations, articulate nursing values, maintains the integrity of the
profession, and integrates the principle of social justice into nursing and
health policy
, ● Purpose is to be a nonnegotiable ethical standard, reflecting the
professions understanding of its commitment to society, and serve
as a resource for nurses confronted with ethical dilemmas
○ AWHONN
■ outlines duties and obligations for obstetric and neonatal nurses, provides
evidence based practice and research. Protects nurses if beliefs interfere
with essential job functions however, nurses need to give high-quality care
and not abandon or refuse to provide patient care
■ “CARING-”
■ C: commitment to professional and social responsibility
■ A: accountability for personal and professional contribution
■ R: respect for diversity of and among colleagues and clients
■ I: integrity in exemplifying the highest standards
■ N: nursing excellence for quality outcomes
■ G: generation of knowledge to enhance the science and practice of nursing
to improve the health of women and newborns
○ State Nursing Practice Acts:
■ Scope of practice: range of services and care a nurse can provide based on
state requirements
● Institutions can further restrict SOP
■ Standards of practice: promotes consistency and ensures quality nursing
care and outcomes, Developed by AWHONN, NANN, ACOG, and NLN
■ Evidence Based Practice: based upon nursing and other research to
provide quality, safe client care
○ Define Ethical Terms:
■ Beneficence: the obligation to do good
■ Nonmaleficence: the obligation to do no harm to either the woman or fetus
■ Fidelity: being accountable for your responsibilities and loyal to your
commitments, such as ensuring your patient has appropriate care
■ Veracity: being truthful
■ Autonomy: right to self-determination
■ Justice: allocation of resources and ensures that resources are used
equitably
■ Breach of privacy: violation of HIPPA
■ Malpractice: when nurses’ actions fall below standard of care; 5 elements:
duty, breach of duty, foreseeability, causation, injury or harm
■ Informed consent: provider has given benefits and risks, obtained consent,
and verbalized understanding
■ Paternalism: an authority figure makes choices for others; considered
disrespectful and inappropriate
● Discuss the impact of culture when caring for the childbearing family:
○ Cultural Competence: involves acknowledging, respecting, and appreciating
ethnic, cultural, and linguistic diversity
, ○ Enculturation: socialization into one’s primary culture as a child
○ Acculturation: when the culture of a minority is gradually displaced by the culture
of the dominant cultural group
○ Assimilation: the process by which a person or a group’s language and/or culture
comes to resemble those of another group
○ Ethnocentrism: conviction that the values and beliefs of one’s own cultural group
are the best or only acceptable ones
○ How to assess?
■ Nurse must have an understanding of every patients culture and respect
their patients beliefs and decisions
■ Different cultures follow different norms- some refuse certain care will
others do not
■ Nurse should be respectful of patients wishes, but also ensure that patients
are educated on all possible outcomes and options regarding every step of
treatment and care
○ What is cultural humility?
■ A principle that informs the ways in which people build trusting and
intentional relationships with each other
■ Governs language, behavior, and interactions with our partners within the
healthcare system
■ Commitment to 4 core tenants:
● Critical self-reflection and lifelong learning
● Recognizing and mitigating inherent power imbalances
● Developing mutually beneficial non hierarchical clinical and
advocacy partnerships with community members, amplifying the
expertise of the residents in the community
● Creating institutional alignment and accountability
● Describe evidence-based practice in nursing, including rationale for its use: (pg 30)
○ EBP is widely recognized as the key to improving health-care quality and patient
outcomes
○ Defined as “integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and
patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care”
○ Nurses should:
■ Describe and locate reliable sources for evidence reports and clinical
practice guidelines
■ Question rationale for routine approaches to care that result in
less-than-desired outcomes or adverse events
■ Base individualized care plan on patient values, clinical expertise, and
evidence
● Discuss current trends in maternal and infant health outcomes
Module 1:
● Chapter 1 and 2
● Describe legal and ethical issues that influence nursing care of childbearing families:
○ 3 Types of Ethical Approaches:
■ Utilitarianism: principle of distributing resources to produce the greatest
good for the most people and opposes using large amounts of resources for
the benefit of a few
■ Libertarianism: promotes the idea that some people are more valuable to
society than others and thus need to be given the resources the require to
survive
■ Egalitarianism: focuses on the belief that all people are equal; emphasizes
distributing resources according to need to protect those in society who are
marginalized and vulnerable
○ ANA 9 Provisions in code of ethics, practice Standards:
■ Provision 1: The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the
inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every person
■ Provision 2: nurse’s primary commitment is to patient
■ Provision 3: nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the
health, safety, and rights of all patients
■ Provision 4: the nurse has authority, accountability, and responsibility for
nurse practices, decisions, and actions consistent with the nurses
obligation to promote health and provide optimum care
■ Provision 5: the nurse owes the same duties to self as others, including
the responsibility to promote health and safety, to preserve wholeness of
character and integrity, to maintain competence, and to continue personal
and professional growth
■ Provision 6: the nurse, through individual and collective effort,
establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical env of the work setting
and provides quality health care
■ Provision 7: the nurse, in all roles and settings, advances the profession
through research and scholarly inquiry development of professional
standards and policy
■ Provision 8: the nurse collaborates with other health prof and the public to
promote human rights and health diplomacy and to decrease health
disparities
■ Provision 9: the profession of nursing, collectively through its prof
organizations, articulate nursing values, maintains the integrity of the
profession, and integrates the principle of social justice into nursing and
health policy
, ● Purpose is to be a nonnegotiable ethical standard, reflecting the
professions understanding of its commitment to society, and serve
as a resource for nurses confronted with ethical dilemmas
○ AWHONN
■ outlines duties and obligations for obstetric and neonatal nurses, provides
evidence based practice and research. Protects nurses if beliefs interfere
with essential job functions however, nurses need to give high-quality care
and not abandon or refuse to provide patient care
■ “CARING-”
■ C: commitment to professional and social responsibility
■ A: accountability for personal and professional contribution
■ R: respect for diversity of and among colleagues and clients
■ I: integrity in exemplifying the highest standards
■ N: nursing excellence for quality outcomes
■ G: generation of knowledge to enhance the science and practice of nursing
to improve the health of women and newborns
○ State Nursing Practice Acts:
■ Scope of practice: range of services and care a nurse can provide based on
state requirements
● Institutions can further restrict SOP
■ Standards of practice: promotes consistency and ensures quality nursing
care and outcomes, Developed by AWHONN, NANN, ACOG, and NLN
■ Evidence Based Practice: based upon nursing and other research to
provide quality, safe client care
○ Define Ethical Terms:
■ Beneficence: the obligation to do good
■ Nonmaleficence: the obligation to do no harm to either the woman or fetus
■ Fidelity: being accountable for your responsibilities and loyal to your
commitments, such as ensuring your patient has appropriate care
■ Veracity: being truthful
■ Autonomy: right to self-determination
■ Justice: allocation of resources and ensures that resources are used
equitably
■ Breach of privacy: violation of HIPPA
■ Malpractice: when nurses’ actions fall below standard of care; 5 elements:
duty, breach of duty, foreseeability, causation, injury or harm
■ Informed consent: provider has given benefits and risks, obtained consent,
and verbalized understanding
■ Paternalism: an authority figure makes choices for others; considered
disrespectful and inappropriate
● Discuss the impact of culture when caring for the childbearing family:
○ Cultural Competence: involves acknowledging, respecting, and appreciating
ethnic, cultural, and linguistic diversity
, ○ Enculturation: socialization into one’s primary culture as a child
○ Acculturation: when the culture of a minority is gradually displaced by the culture
of the dominant cultural group
○ Assimilation: the process by which a person or a group’s language and/or culture
comes to resemble those of another group
○ Ethnocentrism: conviction that the values and beliefs of one’s own cultural group
are the best or only acceptable ones
○ How to assess?
■ Nurse must have an understanding of every patients culture and respect
their patients beliefs and decisions
■ Different cultures follow different norms- some refuse certain care will
others do not
■ Nurse should be respectful of patients wishes, but also ensure that patients
are educated on all possible outcomes and options regarding every step of
treatment and care
○ What is cultural humility?
■ A principle that informs the ways in which people build trusting and
intentional relationships with each other
■ Governs language, behavior, and interactions with our partners within the
healthcare system
■ Commitment to 4 core tenants:
● Critical self-reflection and lifelong learning
● Recognizing and mitigating inherent power imbalances
● Developing mutually beneficial non hierarchical clinical and
advocacy partnerships with community members, amplifying the
expertise of the residents in the community
● Creating institutional alignment and accountability
● Describe evidence-based practice in nursing, including rationale for its use: (pg 30)
○ EBP is widely recognized as the key to improving health-care quality and patient
outcomes
○ Defined as “integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and
patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care”
○ Nurses should:
■ Describe and locate reliable sources for evidence reports and clinical
practice guidelines
■ Question rationale for routine approaches to care that result in
less-than-desired outcomes or adverse events
■ Base individualized care plan on patient values, clinical expertise, and
evidence
● Discuss current trends in maternal and infant health outcomes
