MICROBIOLOGY FINAL
STRAIGHTERLINE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______. - ANS phylogeny
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______. -
ANS Last Universal Common Ancestor
Organisms called parasites are ______. - ANS always harmful to their host
Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow? -
ANS Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______. - ANS Electrons
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______. - ANS respiratory disease
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons
and 2 hydrogens. - ANS saturated
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, One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain.
In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane
found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect? - ANS lipid
If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the
magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X? - ANS 95X
NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part
of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of
bacterial cells? - ANS cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns
Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification? -
ANS electron
Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then
boiled and cooled? - ANS a solid medium
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans - ANS Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______. - ANS amphitrichous
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein
found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to
Trichophyton? - ANS saprobe
During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells. -
ANS gram-negative
The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______ - ANS 80s
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, Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true? -
ANS Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas
most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners
referred to as a/an _____ capsid. - ANS icosahedral
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through - ANS fecal oral
the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome - ANS lysogeny
Which of the following is not associated with every virus? - ANS envelope
When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is
termed a ______. - ANS palisade
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. - ANS histones
Viral tissue specificities are called ______. - ANS tropisms
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______. -
ANS lophotrichous
E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is
best termed a ______ relationship. - ANS mutualistic
Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the
enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the
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cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship. - ANS mutualistic
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their
new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______. -
ANS lag phase
The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions. - ANS hypotonic
This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds as an
energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate classification for this
organism would be ______. - ANS photoheterotroph
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short
exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______. - ANS thermoduric microbe
the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site - ANS Noncompetitive inhibition
Ribozymes are ______. - ANS catalysts for RNA splicing
Most electron carriers are ______. - ANS coenzymes
what is the usual net production of ATP? - ANS 2
Exergonic reactions occur during - ANS aerobic cellular respiration
Each nucleotide is composed of - ANS one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar
A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations. - ANS deletion and insertion
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Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
STRAIGHTERLINE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______. - ANS phylogeny
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______. -
ANS Last Universal Common Ancestor
Organisms called parasites are ______. - ANS always harmful to their host
Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow? -
ANS Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______. - ANS Electrons
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______. - ANS respiratory disease
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons
and 2 hydrogens. - ANS saturated
1
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain.
In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane
found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect? - ANS lipid
If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the
magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X? - ANS 95X
NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part
of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of
bacterial cells? - ANS cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns
Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification? -
ANS electron
Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then
boiled and cooled? - ANS a solid medium
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans - ANS Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______. - ANS amphitrichous
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein
found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to
Trichophyton? - ANS saprobe
During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells. -
ANS gram-negative
The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______ - ANS 80s
2
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true? -
ANS Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas
most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners
referred to as a/an _____ capsid. - ANS icosahedral
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through - ANS fecal oral
the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome - ANS lysogeny
Which of the following is not associated with every virus? - ANS envelope
When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is
termed a ______. - ANS palisade
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. - ANS histones
Viral tissue specificities are called ______. - ANS tropisms
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______. -
ANS lophotrichous
E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is
best termed a ______ relationship. - ANS mutualistic
Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the
enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the
3
cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship. - ANS mutualistic
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their
new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______. -
ANS lag phase
The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions. - ANS hypotonic
This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds as an
energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate classification for this
organism would be ______. - ANS photoheterotroph
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short
exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______. - ANS thermoduric microbe
the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site - ANS Noncompetitive inhibition
Ribozymes are ______. - ANS catalysts for RNA splicing
Most electron carriers are ______. - ANS coenzymes
what is the usual net production of ATP? - ANS 2
Exergonic reactions occur during - ANS aerobic cellular respiration
Each nucleotide is composed of - ANS one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar
A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations. - ANS deletion and insertion
4
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
