Examl 1:l NRl 328/l NR328l (Latestl 2026/l
2027l Update)l Pediatricl Nursingl Review|l
Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)l -Chamberlain
Q:l Whyl isl anl infant’sl skulll notl fusedl togetherl rightl away?l Whenl dol thel anteriorl andl
posteriorl fontanelsl fuse?
Answer:
Tol allowl forl brainl growth
Anteriorl fontanel:l 12–18l months
Posteriorl fontanel:l 2–3l months
Q:l Whatl isl al normall findingl forl thel posteriorl andl anteriorl fontanels?
Answer:
Softl andl flat
Bulgingl =l ICPl (increasedl intracraniall pressure)
Sunkenl =l Dehydration
Q:l Whenl dol babiesl startl tol makel tears?
Answer:
2l months.l Ifl theyl arel dehydrated,l nol tearsl willl bel produced.
Q:l Whenl dol babiesl startl tol smile?
Answer:
2–3l months
Q:l innatel (natural)l reflexes
,Answer:
Whenl dol theyl disappear?l
l Tonicl neckl "fencing"l -->l 3-4l months
Palmarl graspl -->l 4l monthsl
Babinskil -->l 12l monthsl
Rootingl -->l 4-6l months
Plantarl graspl -->l 8l months
Morol -->l 3-4l months
Q:l finel motorl skillsl vsl grossl motorl skillsl
Answer:
finel =l usingl handsl andl fingersl tol controll smalll objects
grossl =l usingl largel musclesl tol makel largel movements
Q:l Whenl dol babiesl startl tol rolll over?
Answer:
Aroundl 4l months..l headl lagl shouldl bel gonel aroundl thisl time.l Atl 6l months,l babiesl canl
rolll everyl direction.
Q:l Whenl shouldl babiesl startl walkingl by?
Answer:
Theyl willl startl creepingl (holdingl onl tol furniturel andl walking)l atl 10l monthsl andl byl 11l
monthsl theyl shouldl bel walkingl withl onel handl held.
Q:l toddler
Answer:
Agel 1-3
Autonomyl vsl shamel
-l wantl tol dol everythingl themselves
HR:l 90-160
RR:l 30-60
,BP:l 65-78/41-52
-l rituals/schedulesl arel veryl important..l ifl thrownl off,l tantruml mayl happen
-l egocentricl
-l playl timel isl important
-l regressivel behaviorl duringl stressfull situationsl
-l pottyl trainingl startsl atl agel 2
-l coordinationl increases
-l pickyl eatersl
-l bel cautiousl ofl aspirationl andl chokingl -->l softl foodsl arel best
-l minimuml ofl spfl 15l whenl outsidel
-l 1l wordl sentencel byl 1l year,l 2l wordl sentencel byl 2l yearsl
-l growsl 3l inchesl perl year
-l headl andl chestl circumferencel shouldl bel equall byl 1l orl 2l yearsl ofl age
-l atl 30l months,l theyl willl bel 4xl birthl weight
Pain:
-l harsh,l tense,l loudl cryl orl screamingl
-l "ouch"l "no"l "itl hurts"
-l flinchingl andl thrashingl ofl extremitiesl
-l pointsl tol painl
-l clingy
Q:l Whatl arel signsl thatl al toddlerl isl readyl tol pottyl train?
Answer:
-l wakingl upl froml nights/napl timel dry
-l showingl interestl inl usingl thel toilet
Q:l Whatl isl anticipatoryl guidance?
Answer:
thisl isl warningl thel parentsl aboutl whatl isl tol comel inl theirl growingl child
Q:l preschooler
Answer:
Agel 3-5
Initiativel vsl guilt
, -l accomplishmentl andl satisfactionl inl theirl activities..l neverl makel theml feell likel whatl
theyl didl orl theirl decisionl isl notl goodl enoughl
HR:l 80-140
RR:l 25-30
BP:l 83-114/38-67
-l magicall thinkingl
-l veryl autonomousl
-l increasedl socialization
-l "why"l stagel
-l typicallyl whenl onel canl realizel al childl mayl havel autisml
-l 3.5-6.5lbsl gainedl eachl yearl froml 3-6l
-l veryl importantl tol gainl theirl trustl
-l thinksl ofl sicknessl asl al forml ofl punishmentl
Healthl promotion:
-l 12l hoursl ofl sleepl needed
-l inconsistentl napsl
-l 1l hourl physicall activityl perl day,l lessl thanl 2l hoursl screenl timel
-l streetl safetyl andl injuryl preventionl -->l wearl helmet,l lookl bothl ways
Screenings:
-l byl 5,l shouldl havel beenl testedl forl leadl poisoning
-l byl 3,l theyl shouldl havel beenl seenl byl thel dentistl
-l obesity
Q:l schooll aged
Answer:
Agel 5/6-12
Industryl vsl shamel
-l figuringl outl whatl they'rel goodl atl
-l comparesl themselvesl tol otherl peersl
HR:l 60-110
RR:l 19-21
BP:l 91-125/54-84
-l friendsl arel mostlyl thel samel gender
-l bullingl starts
-l lessl egocentricl -->l startsl tol seel others'l perspectivesl
-l babyl teethl falll outl andl permanentl teethl eruptl byl 6l
-l understandsl conceptl ofl time
-l pubertyl betweenl 9-12
2027l Update)l Pediatricl Nursingl Review|l
Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)l -Chamberlain
Q:l Whyl isl anl infant’sl skulll notl fusedl togetherl rightl away?l Whenl dol thel anteriorl andl
posteriorl fontanelsl fuse?
Answer:
Tol allowl forl brainl growth
Anteriorl fontanel:l 12–18l months
Posteriorl fontanel:l 2–3l months
Q:l Whatl isl al normall findingl forl thel posteriorl andl anteriorl fontanels?
Answer:
Softl andl flat
Bulgingl =l ICPl (increasedl intracraniall pressure)
Sunkenl =l Dehydration
Q:l Whenl dol babiesl startl tol makel tears?
Answer:
2l months.l Ifl theyl arel dehydrated,l nol tearsl willl bel produced.
Q:l Whenl dol babiesl startl tol smile?
Answer:
2–3l months
Q:l innatel (natural)l reflexes
,Answer:
Whenl dol theyl disappear?l
l Tonicl neckl "fencing"l -->l 3-4l months
Palmarl graspl -->l 4l monthsl
Babinskil -->l 12l monthsl
Rootingl -->l 4-6l months
Plantarl graspl -->l 8l months
Morol -->l 3-4l months
Q:l finel motorl skillsl vsl grossl motorl skillsl
Answer:
finel =l usingl handsl andl fingersl tol controll smalll objects
grossl =l usingl largel musclesl tol makel largel movements
Q:l Whenl dol babiesl startl tol rolll over?
Answer:
Aroundl 4l months..l headl lagl shouldl bel gonel aroundl thisl time.l Atl 6l months,l babiesl canl
rolll everyl direction.
Q:l Whenl shouldl babiesl startl walkingl by?
Answer:
Theyl willl startl creepingl (holdingl onl tol furniturel andl walking)l atl 10l monthsl andl byl 11l
monthsl theyl shouldl bel walkingl withl onel handl held.
Q:l toddler
Answer:
Agel 1-3
Autonomyl vsl shamel
-l wantl tol dol everythingl themselves
HR:l 90-160
RR:l 30-60
,BP:l 65-78/41-52
-l rituals/schedulesl arel veryl important..l ifl thrownl off,l tantruml mayl happen
-l egocentricl
-l playl timel isl important
-l regressivel behaviorl duringl stressfull situationsl
-l pottyl trainingl startsl atl agel 2
-l coordinationl increases
-l pickyl eatersl
-l bel cautiousl ofl aspirationl andl chokingl -->l softl foodsl arel best
-l minimuml ofl spfl 15l whenl outsidel
-l 1l wordl sentencel byl 1l year,l 2l wordl sentencel byl 2l yearsl
-l growsl 3l inchesl perl year
-l headl andl chestl circumferencel shouldl bel equall byl 1l orl 2l yearsl ofl age
-l atl 30l months,l theyl willl bel 4xl birthl weight
Pain:
-l harsh,l tense,l loudl cryl orl screamingl
-l "ouch"l "no"l "itl hurts"
-l flinchingl andl thrashingl ofl extremitiesl
-l pointsl tol painl
-l clingy
Q:l Whatl arel signsl thatl al toddlerl isl readyl tol pottyl train?
Answer:
-l wakingl upl froml nights/napl timel dry
-l showingl interestl inl usingl thel toilet
Q:l Whatl isl anticipatoryl guidance?
Answer:
thisl isl warningl thel parentsl aboutl whatl isl tol comel inl theirl growingl child
Q:l preschooler
Answer:
Agel 3-5
Initiativel vsl guilt
, -l accomplishmentl andl satisfactionl inl theirl activities..l neverl makel theml feell likel whatl
theyl didl orl theirl decisionl isl notl goodl enoughl
HR:l 80-140
RR:l 25-30
BP:l 83-114/38-67
-l magicall thinkingl
-l veryl autonomousl
-l increasedl socialization
-l "why"l stagel
-l typicallyl whenl onel canl realizel al childl mayl havel autisml
-l 3.5-6.5lbsl gainedl eachl yearl froml 3-6l
-l veryl importantl tol gainl theirl trustl
-l thinksl ofl sicknessl asl al forml ofl punishmentl
Healthl promotion:
-l 12l hoursl ofl sleepl needed
-l inconsistentl napsl
-l 1l hourl physicall activityl perl day,l lessl thanl 2l hoursl screenl timel
-l streetl safetyl andl injuryl preventionl -->l wearl helmet,l lookl bothl ways
Screenings:
-l byl 5,l shouldl havel beenl testedl forl leadl poisoning
-l byl 3,l theyl shouldl havel beenl seenl byl thel dentistl
-l obesity
Q:l schooll aged
Answer:
Agel 5/6-12
Industryl vsl shamel
-l figuringl outl whatl they'rel goodl atl
-l comparesl themselvesl tol otherl peersl
HR:l 60-110
RR:l 19-21
BP:l 91-125/54-84
-l friendsl arel mostlyl thel samel gender
-l bullingl starts
-l lessl egocentricl -->l startsl tol seel others'l perspectivesl
-l babyl teethl falll outl andl permanentl teethl eruptl byl 6l
-l understandsl conceptl ofl time
-l pubertyl betweenl 9-12
