ARIEL MADRID | 2021 - 2020 - Plasticity of the Brain: the brain and its
Abnormal Psychology functions are subject to continual change in
Preliminaries | February 07 2025 response to the environment
Diathesis-Stress Model
CHAPTER 2: An Integrative Approach to
- Individuals inherit tendencies to express certain
Psychopathology
traits of behaviors, which may then be activated
under conditions of stress
| One Dimensional VS Multidimensional Models - Each inherited tendency is a diathesis
- A condition that makes someone
One Dimensional Model: susceptible to developing a disorder
- Linear Causal Model - When the right kind of life even comes along, the
- Single Paradigm or Conceptual Approach disorder develops
- Trace the origins of psychopathology to a single
cause LOOK: CUP ANALOGY OF DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL
Multidimensional Model:
- Interdisciplinary, integrative Gene-Environment Correlation Model
- Views psychopathology as caused by a system of - Also called the reciprocal gene-environment
influences: Biological, Psychological, correlation model
Emotional, and Developmental. - There is a complex web of inter-relationships
between genes and environment
| Judy’s Case - Genetic Endowment may increase the
- Biological Influences: probability than an individual will experience
- Inherited overreactive sinoaortic stressful life events
baroreflex arc - Ex. development of depression : tend to
- Vasovagal syncope: heart rate and blood seek out difficult relationships or other
pressure increases, body circumstances that lead to depression
overcompensates - Ex. divorce : if you and your spouse have
- Light-headedness and queasiness an identical twin, and both identical
- Judy faints twins have been divorced, the chance
- Behavioral Influences: that you will also get divorced increases
- Conditioned response to sight of blood: greatly.
similar situations— even words— - The tendency to divorced is
produce same reactions related to certain inherited
- Tendency to escape and avoid situations traits (e.g. short temper)
involving blood
- Emotional and Cognitive Influences: | Epigenetics and the Non Genomic Inheritance of
- Fear of fainting, worrying about health Behavior
- Social Influences: - There is an overemphasis on the influence of
- Judy’s fainting causes disruptions in genetic
school and home. - Rober Sapolsky : concluded that genetic
- Friends and family rushed to influences are a lot less powerful
help her - Read Cross-Fostering Research : rats born to
- Principal suspends her easily stressed mother but reared calm and
- Doctors say nothing is physically supportive
wrong - Environmental factors are more strong
| Genetic Contributions to Psychopathology READ : RHESUS MONKEY STUDIES
Genes Tienari et al. (1994)
- Are long DNA molecules at various locations on - Found that children whose parents have
chromosomes within the cell nucleus schizophrenia will develop its determined
- Seldom determine our physical development in tendency (genetic high risk/diathesis) into a
any absolute psychiatric disorders only if they were adopted
- Think of genes as potential into dysfunctional families
- Few rare disorders are influenced by genes i.e.
Huntington’s Disease, PKU Environment Can Change Our Gene Expression
- We are influenced by many genes (polygenic), - It seems that genes are turned on or off by
each contributing only a tiny effect— all of which, cellular material that is located just outside of
in turn, may be influenced by the environment. the genome— called epigenetic— and that
- Adverse life events such as a chaotic childhood stress, nutrition, or other factors can affect this
can overwhelm the influence of genes. epigenome, which is then immediately passed
Abnormal Psychology functions are subject to continual change in
Preliminaries | February 07 2025 response to the environment
Diathesis-Stress Model
CHAPTER 2: An Integrative Approach to
- Individuals inherit tendencies to express certain
Psychopathology
traits of behaviors, which may then be activated
under conditions of stress
| One Dimensional VS Multidimensional Models - Each inherited tendency is a diathesis
- A condition that makes someone
One Dimensional Model: susceptible to developing a disorder
- Linear Causal Model - When the right kind of life even comes along, the
- Single Paradigm or Conceptual Approach disorder develops
- Trace the origins of psychopathology to a single
cause LOOK: CUP ANALOGY OF DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL
Multidimensional Model:
- Interdisciplinary, integrative Gene-Environment Correlation Model
- Views psychopathology as caused by a system of - Also called the reciprocal gene-environment
influences: Biological, Psychological, correlation model
Emotional, and Developmental. - There is a complex web of inter-relationships
between genes and environment
| Judy’s Case - Genetic Endowment may increase the
- Biological Influences: probability than an individual will experience
- Inherited overreactive sinoaortic stressful life events
baroreflex arc - Ex. development of depression : tend to
- Vasovagal syncope: heart rate and blood seek out difficult relationships or other
pressure increases, body circumstances that lead to depression
overcompensates - Ex. divorce : if you and your spouse have
- Light-headedness and queasiness an identical twin, and both identical
- Judy faints twins have been divorced, the chance
- Behavioral Influences: that you will also get divorced increases
- Conditioned response to sight of blood: greatly.
similar situations— even words— - The tendency to divorced is
produce same reactions related to certain inherited
- Tendency to escape and avoid situations traits (e.g. short temper)
involving blood
- Emotional and Cognitive Influences: | Epigenetics and the Non Genomic Inheritance of
- Fear of fainting, worrying about health Behavior
- Social Influences: - There is an overemphasis on the influence of
- Judy’s fainting causes disruptions in genetic
school and home. - Rober Sapolsky : concluded that genetic
- Friends and family rushed to influences are a lot less powerful
help her - Read Cross-Fostering Research : rats born to
- Principal suspends her easily stressed mother but reared calm and
- Doctors say nothing is physically supportive
wrong - Environmental factors are more strong
| Genetic Contributions to Psychopathology READ : RHESUS MONKEY STUDIES
Genes Tienari et al. (1994)
- Are long DNA molecules at various locations on - Found that children whose parents have
chromosomes within the cell nucleus schizophrenia will develop its determined
- Seldom determine our physical development in tendency (genetic high risk/diathesis) into a
any absolute psychiatric disorders only if they were adopted
- Think of genes as potential into dysfunctional families
- Few rare disorders are influenced by genes i.e.
Huntington’s Disease, PKU Environment Can Change Our Gene Expression
- We are influenced by many genes (polygenic), - It seems that genes are turned on or off by
each contributing only a tiny effect— all of which, cellular material that is located just outside of
in turn, may be influenced by the environment. the genome— called epigenetic— and that
- Adverse life events such as a chaotic childhood stress, nutrition, or other factors can affect this
can overwhelm the influence of genes. epigenome, which is then immediately passed
