PORTAGE NUTRITION
BIOD 121 EXAM 4
1. Which of the following is the primary energy source during high-intensity, short-
duration exercise such as sprinting?
A. Fatty acids
B. Amino acids
C. Glucose
D. Ketone bodies
Answer: C. Glucose
Explanation: During high-intensity exercise, muscles primarily use glucose through
anaerobic glycolysis because oxygen availability is limited.
2. The process by which the body converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage is
known as:
A. Glycolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Glycogenesis
D. Lipogenesis
Answer: C. Glycogenesis
Explanation: Glycogenesis is the process of forming glycogen from glucose for short-
term energy storage in the liver and muscles.
,3. Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels
during fasting?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Leptin
D. Ghrelin
Answer: B. Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to raise
blood glucose levels during fasting.
4. A BMI of 27.5 is classified as:
A. Underweight
B. Normal weight
C. Overweight
D. Obese
Answer: C. Overweight
Explanation: BMI ranges:
Underweight: <18.5
Normal: 18.5–24.9
Overweight: 25–29.9
Obese: ≥30
,5. Which type of lipoprotein is known as “good cholesterol” because it helps remove
cholesterol from the bloodstream?
A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons
Answer: B. HDL
Explanation: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) transports cholesterol back to the liver
for disposal, reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
6. During prolonged fasting, the body shifts to using which energy source to preserve
muscle protein?
A. Ketone bodies
B. Glycogen
C. Amino acids
D. Lactic acid
Answer: A. Ketone bodies
Explanation: After glycogen is depleted, the body produces ketone bodies from fat to
fuel the brain and reduce muscle protein breakdown.
7. Which of the following is a common symptom of dehydration during exercise?
A. Increased urine output
B. Muscle cramps
C. Lower heart rate
D. Reduced thirst sensation
Answer: B. Muscle cramps
, Explanation: Dehydration leads to electrolyte imbalances, which can cause muscle
cramps and fatigue.
8. Which vitamin is directly involved in red blood cell formation and prevention of
megaloblastic anemia?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin A
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Explanation: Vitamin B12 works with folate to produce healthy red blood cells; a
deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.
9. Which of the following best describes the thermic effect of food (TEF)?
A. Energy used to store fat
B. Energy expended to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients
C. Energy burned during physical activity
D. Energy lost through sweat
Answer: B. Energy expended to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients
Explanation: TEF accounts for approximately 10% of total energy expenditure.
10. Which dietary strategy is most effective for long-term weight loss and
maintenance?
A. Rapid elimination of all carbohydrates
B. Balanced calorie-controlled diet with regular exercise
C. Use of dietary supplements only
D. High-protein, high-fat diet with no exercise
BIOD 121 EXAM 4
1. Which of the following is the primary energy source during high-intensity, short-
duration exercise such as sprinting?
A. Fatty acids
B. Amino acids
C. Glucose
D. Ketone bodies
Answer: C. Glucose
Explanation: During high-intensity exercise, muscles primarily use glucose through
anaerobic glycolysis because oxygen availability is limited.
2. The process by which the body converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage is
known as:
A. Glycolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Glycogenesis
D. Lipogenesis
Answer: C. Glycogenesis
Explanation: Glycogenesis is the process of forming glycogen from glucose for short-
term energy storage in the liver and muscles.
,3. Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels
during fasting?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Leptin
D. Ghrelin
Answer: B. Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to raise
blood glucose levels during fasting.
4. A BMI of 27.5 is classified as:
A. Underweight
B. Normal weight
C. Overweight
D. Obese
Answer: C. Overweight
Explanation: BMI ranges:
Underweight: <18.5
Normal: 18.5–24.9
Overweight: 25–29.9
Obese: ≥30
,5. Which type of lipoprotein is known as “good cholesterol” because it helps remove
cholesterol from the bloodstream?
A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons
Answer: B. HDL
Explanation: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) transports cholesterol back to the liver
for disposal, reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
6. During prolonged fasting, the body shifts to using which energy source to preserve
muscle protein?
A. Ketone bodies
B. Glycogen
C. Amino acids
D. Lactic acid
Answer: A. Ketone bodies
Explanation: After glycogen is depleted, the body produces ketone bodies from fat to
fuel the brain and reduce muscle protein breakdown.
7. Which of the following is a common symptom of dehydration during exercise?
A. Increased urine output
B. Muscle cramps
C. Lower heart rate
D. Reduced thirst sensation
Answer: B. Muscle cramps
, Explanation: Dehydration leads to electrolyte imbalances, which can cause muscle
cramps and fatigue.
8. Which vitamin is directly involved in red blood cell formation and prevention of
megaloblastic anemia?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin A
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Explanation: Vitamin B12 works with folate to produce healthy red blood cells; a
deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.
9. Which of the following best describes the thermic effect of food (TEF)?
A. Energy used to store fat
B. Energy expended to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients
C. Energy burned during physical activity
D. Energy lost through sweat
Answer: B. Energy expended to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients
Explanation: TEF accounts for approximately 10% of total energy expenditure.
10. Which dietary strategy is most effective for long-term weight loss and
maintenance?
A. Rapid elimination of all carbohydrates
B. Balanced calorie-controlled diet with regular exercise
C. Use of dietary supplements only
D. High-protein, high-fat diet with no exercise
