PNCB Actual Exam Newest 2025/2026 Complete
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
|Already Graded A
1.What does It mean if a rash is non-blanching? ...ANSWER..sign of bleeding
under the skin (petechiae, purpura, etc)
*children can also develop petechiae on their face after forceful vomiting or
crying (will resolve on Its own over time)
Petechiae = pinpoint spots
Purpura = larger spots
2.What should be avoided with a G6PD deficiency? ...ANSWER..fava beans, other
legumes, processed foods & artificial ingredients, foods with menthol & sulfates,
some medications (ASA, sulfonamide abx, antimalarials) teach the family to avoid
triggering food or drugs
3.What gender do clotting disorders mostly effect? ...ANSWER..Males
Females are mostly carriers
4.What is the most common inherited cause of thrombophilia? ...ANSWER..Factor
V Leiden mutation
5.What do you need to teach patients and families about thrombophilia?
...ANSWER..avoid a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and smoking
5.What are the 2 most common symptoms that present first in untreated infants
with HIV infection? ...ANSWER..Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly
Other clinical findings:
- Flu-like illness (fever, rash, pharyngitis, myalgias, etc.)
- FTT
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, - Chronic or recurrent diarrhea
- Pneumonia
- Oral candidiasis
- recurrent bacterial infections
- chronic parotid swelling
- encephalopathy
6.What can antiretroviral therapy (ART) cause in infants? ...ANSWER..anemia
7.What is the only drug that is safe for premature infants in treating HIV?
...ANSWER..Zidovudine (AZT)
8.What drug is approved for term infants ≥ 35 weeks in treating HIV?
...ANSWER..Nevirapine (NVP or Viramune)
9.Should HIV positive mothers breastfeed? ...ANSWER..NO -- can transmit to the
infant
10.How is HIV transmitted? ...ANSWER..- semen
- blood
- cervical secretions
- human milk
11.What syndrome is missing chromosome 15? ...ANSWER..Prader-Willi syndrome
Chromosome 15 is needed for developing muscle mass & the hypothalamus
12.What syndrome has an extra chromosome 21? ...ANSWER..Down-syndrome
2|Page
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
|Already Graded A
1.What does It mean if a rash is non-blanching? ...ANSWER..sign of bleeding
under the skin (petechiae, purpura, etc)
*children can also develop petechiae on their face after forceful vomiting or
crying (will resolve on Its own over time)
Petechiae = pinpoint spots
Purpura = larger spots
2.What should be avoided with a G6PD deficiency? ...ANSWER..fava beans, other
legumes, processed foods & artificial ingredients, foods with menthol & sulfates,
some medications (ASA, sulfonamide abx, antimalarials) teach the family to avoid
triggering food or drugs
3.What gender do clotting disorders mostly effect? ...ANSWER..Males
Females are mostly carriers
4.What is the most common inherited cause of thrombophilia? ...ANSWER..Factor
V Leiden mutation
5.What do you need to teach patients and families about thrombophilia?
...ANSWER..avoid a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and smoking
5.What are the 2 most common symptoms that present first in untreated infants
with HIV infection? ...ANSWER..Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly
Other clinical findings:
- Flu-like illness (fever, rash, pharyngitis, myalgias, etc.)
- FTT
1|Page
, - Chronic or recurrent diarrhea
- Pneumonia
- Oral candidiasis
- recurrent bacterial infections
- chronic parotid swelling
- encephalopathy
6.What can antiretroviral therapy (ART) cause in infants? ...ANSWER..anemia
7.What is the only drug that is safe for premature infants in treating HIV?
...ANSWER..Zidovudine (AZT)
8.What drug is approved for term infants ≥ 35 weeks in treating HIV?
...ANSWER..Nevirapine (NVP or Viramune)
9.Should HIV positive mothers breastfeed? ...ANSWER..NO -- can transmit to the
infant
10.How is HIV transmitted? ...ANSWER..- semen
- blood
- cervical secretions
- human milk
11.What syndrome is missing chromosome 15? ...ANSWER..Prader-Willi syndrome
Chromosome 15 is needed for developing muscle mass & the hypothalamus
12.What syndrome has an extra chromosome 21? ...ANSWER..Down-syndrome
2|Page
