NURS 6501 MIDTERM WEEKS 1-6
TOPICS
Phagocytosis - answer process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf
large particles and take them into the cell
lysosomal enzymes - answer can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic
acids
oxidative phosphorylation - answer When energy is released at each step of the chain is
stored in a form the mitochondrion can use to make ATP.
Glycolisis - answer the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic
acid.
passive transport - answerThe movement of materials through a cell membrane without
using energy
active transport - answerthe movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy
Cellular Adaptation - answerthe cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury
cellular injury - answeroccurs if cell is unable to maintain homeostasis
free radicals - answerUnstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially
wrinkling and sagging of the skin.
oxidative stress - answera condition in which the production of oxidants and free
radicals exceeds the body's ability to handle them and prevent damage
chemical injury - answerToxic chemicals or poisons can cause cellular injury both
indirectly and by becoming metabolized into reactive chemicals by the body
carbon monoxide - answera colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by
incomplete combustion of carbon.
lead poisoning - answerA medical condition caused by toxic levels of the metal lead in
the blood
necrosis - answertissue death
, Apoptosis - answerprogrammed cell death
Hyponatremia - answerlow sodium blood levels due to consuming too much water
without electrolytes
Hypernatremia - answerincreased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions,
hypotension, tachycardia. give hypotonic solution.
Hypokalemia - answerdeficient level of potassium in the blood
Hyperkalemia - answerhigh levels of potassium in the blood
Hypocalcemia - answerCATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
Hypercalcemia - answermuscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain,
confusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
metabolic alkalosis - answerHigh pH, High HCO3; Compensation: Respiratory Acidosis
metabolic acidosis - answerAbnormal condition of high hydrogen ion concentration in
the extracellular fluid caused by either a primary increase in hydrogen ions or a
decrease in bicarbonate.
respiratory alkalosis - answerArise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive
breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
respiratory acidosis - answerA drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
edema - answerAbnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
Down Syndrome - answera condition of intellectual disability and associated physical
disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
polypolidy - answercondition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Aneuploidy - answerthe presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
amniocentesis - answerA technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid,
obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect
certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
Fragile X Syndrome - answerA genetic disorder involving an abnormality in the X
chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks.
TOPICS
Phagocytosis - answer process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf
large particles and take them into the cell
lysosomal enzymes - answer can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic
acids
oxidative phosphorylation - answer When energy is released at each step of the chain is
stored in a form the mitochondrion can use to make ATP.
Glycolisis - answer the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic
acid.
passive transport - answerThe movement of materials through a cell membrane without
using energy
active transport - answerthe movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy
Cellular Adaptation - answerthe cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury
cellular injury - answeroccurs if cell is unable to maintain homeostasis
free radicals - answerUnstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially
wrinkling and sagging of the skin.
oxidative stress - answera condition in which the production of oxidants and free
radicals exceeds the body's ability to handle them and prevent damage
chemical injury - answerToxic chemicals or poisons can cause cellular injury both
indirectly and by becoming metabolized into reactive chemicals by the body
carbon monoxide - answera colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by
incomplete combustion of carbon.
lead poisoning - answerA medical condition caused by toxic levels of the metal lead in
the blood
necrosis - answertissue death
, Apoptosis - answerprogrammed cell death
Hyponatremia - answerlow sodium blood levels due to consuming too much water
without electrolytes
Hypernatremia - answerincreased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions,
hypotension, tachycardia. give hypotonic solution.
Hypokalemia - answerdeficient level of potassium in the blood
Hyperkalemia - answerhigh levels of potassium in the blood
Hypocalcemia - answerCATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
Hypercalcemia - answermuscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain,
confusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
metabolic alkalosis - answerHigh pH, High HCO3; Compensation: Respiratory Acidosis
metabolic acidosis - answerAbnormal condition of high hydrogen ion concentration in
the extracellular fluid caused by either a primary increase in hydrogen ions or a
decrease in bicarbonate.
respiratory alkalosis - answerArise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive
breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
respiratory acidosis - answerA drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
edema - answerAbnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
Down Syndrome - answera condition of intellectual disability and associated physical
disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
polypolidy - answercondition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Aneuploidy - answerthe presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
amniocentesis - answerA technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid,
obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect
certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
Fragile X Syndrome - answerA genetic disorder involving an abnormality in the X
chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks.
