NURS 6501-Advanced
Pathophysiology Quiz 1
How are cells specialized? - answer through the process of differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - answer movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - answer the plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosome enzymes? - answer Cellular injury causing
cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - answerthe largest membrane-bound
organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of the nucleus are
cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - answeran aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space between
the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - answera network of
tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It
specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of most of the
organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - answera network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for
processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - answersaclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible
for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty
acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - answerinvolved in the production and breakdown of hydrogen
peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - answerThe major workhorses of the cell, if misfolded
they can cause diseases
, What are mitochondria responsible for? - answer. Mitochondria contain the metabolic
machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - answerthe "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal
skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin
filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - answerencloses the cell and, by controlling the
movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? - answerThe transfer of molecular signals from the exterior
to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - answerprotein homeostasis
and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of ribosomes
(makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic systems.
Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - answeron the plasma membrane, enable the cell to
interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - answer(1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - answer(1) fibrous
structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3)
proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement,
and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - answer(1) they form protein channels (gap junctions); (2)
they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in direct physical
contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? - answercontact-dependent, paracrine, hormonal,
neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? - answerAdenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for active
transport.
What is anabolism? - answerenergy-using process of metabolism
What is catabolism? - answerthe energy-releasing process of metabolism
Pathophysiology Quiz 1
How are cells specialized? - answer through the process of differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - answer movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - answer the plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosome enzymes? - answer Cellular injury causing
cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - answerthe largest membrane-bound
organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of the nucleus are
cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - answeran aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space between
the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - answera network of
tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It
specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of most of the
organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - answera network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for
processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - answersaclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible
for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty
acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - answerinvolved in the production and breakdown of hydrogen
peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - answerThe major workhorses of the cell, if misfolded
they can cause diseases
, What are mitochondria responsible for? - answer. Mitochondria contain the metabolic
machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - answerthe "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal
skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin
filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - answerencloses the cell and, by controlling the
movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? - answerThe transfer of molecular signals from the exterior
to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - answerprotein homeostasis
and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of ribosomes
(makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic systems.
Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - answeron the plasma membrane, enable the cell to
interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - answer(1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - answer(1) fibrous
structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3)
proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement,
and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - answer(1) they form protein channels (gap junctions); (2)
they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in direct physical
contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? - answercontact-dependent, paracrine, hormonal,
neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? - answerAdenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for active
transport.
What is anabolism? - answerenergy-using process of metabolism
What is catabolism? - answerthe energy-releasing process of metabolism
