Galen pharm 210 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cbn16e
1. What is hydrochlorothiazide and what is it used for?: a thiazide diuretic used for HTN or
edema from CHF
2. What is furosemide and what is it used for?: Lasix a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention,
renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, HTN, pulmonary edema
3. diuretics caused lab abnormalities: low K (except spironolactone which causes high K)
low Mg
low Cl
low Na
high blood sugar
low Ca (loop)
high Ca (thiazide)
4. What is mannitol and what is it used for?: an osmotic diuretic used to decrease ICP, IOP, excrete
toxins, used in emergent situations
5. What is spironolactone and what is it used for?: a potassium-sparing diuretic blocks
aldosterone, used for heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis
6. diuretic interventions: monitor I's & O's, daily weight
notify HCP if urine output does not increase
monitor VS, watch BP
administer Lasix slowly
for K wasting watch for s/s of hypokalemia
for K sparing watch for s/s of hyperkalemia
monitor electrolyte levels
monitor glucose periodically
7. diuretics teaching: take BP before dose
weigh self daily (report gain of 2# overnight or 5# in week)
take medication in morning
ok to take w/ food for GI upset
avoid sunlight for photosensitivity
teach to get up slowly
reinforce need for medication and compliance
diet - K wasting - increase potassium, supplement, esp if Pt on digoxin
, Galen pharm 210 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cbn16e
diet - K sparing - decrease potassium
teach that drugs can increase glucose so HCP will monitor blood glucose
8. A PATIENT IS TAKING FUROSEMIDE (LASIX) 40 MG DAILY FOR HEART FAILURE
AND HYPERTENSION. IT IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR THE NURSE TO ASSESS THE
PATIENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
A. LOW SERUM POTASSIUM, SODIUM, AND MAGNESIUM, AND ELEVATED CAL-
CIUM.
B. LOW SERUM POTASSIUM AND SODIUM AND ELEVATED MAGNESIUM AND
CALCIUM.
C. LOW SERUM POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND CALCIUM.
D. LOW SERUM POTASSIUM AND SODIUM, WITH
MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM REMAINING NORMAL.: ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: LOOP DIURETICS CAUSE A LOSS OF
POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND CALCIUM.
9. WHICH STATEMENT WILL THE NURSE
INCLUDE WHEN TEACHING A PATIENT
ABOUT LOOP (HIGH-CEILING) DIURETICS?
A. TAKE THE MEDICATION AT BEDTIME.
B. TAKE THE MEDICATION ON AN EMPTY STOMACH.
C. RISE SLOWLY FROM A LYING OR SITTING TO
STANDING POSITION TO PREVENT DIZZINESS.
D. AVOID FRUIT AND VEGETABLES IN THE DIET.: Answer: C
Rationale: The medication should be taken in the morning, not at
bedtime, to prevent sleep disturbances and nocturia; taking the
medication at mealtime or with a snack, not on an empty stomach, can
prevent nausea from developing, and patients receiving this medication
should eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables to prevent hypokalemia.
10. A PATIENT IS ADMITTED TO THE INTENSIVE
CARE UNIT WITH INCREASED
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE. THE NURSE
WOULD ANTICIPATE ADMINISTERING
A. FUROSEMIDE (LASIX).
, Galen pharm 210 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cbn16e
B. MANNITOL (OSMITROL).
C. TRIAMTERENE (DYRENIUM).
D. SPIRONOLACTONE (ALDACTONE).: • ANSWER: B
• RATIONALE: OSMOTIC DIURETICS SUCH AS MANNITOL (OSMITROL) INCREASE THE OSMOLALITY AND SODIUM
REABSORPTION IN THE PROXIMAL TUBULE AND LOOP OF HENLE. SODIUM, CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM, AND WATER ARE
EXCRETED. THIS GROUP OF DRUGS IS USED TO PREVENT KIDNEY FAILURE, TO DECREASE INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE,
AND TO DECREASE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE. MANNITOL IS A POTENT OSMOTIC POTASSIUM-WASTING DIURETIC
FREQUENTLY USED IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS SUCH AS ICP AND IOP.
11. A PATIENT IS RECEIVING FUROSEMIDE
(LASIX). IT IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR THE
NURSE TO MONITOR THE PATIENT FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
A. HYPERKALEMIA.
B. HYPOKALEMIA.
C. HYPONATREMIA.
D. HYPERNATREMIA.: • ANSWER: B
• RATIONALE: HYPOKALEMIA IS THE MOST COMMON
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE ASSOCIATED WITH FUROSEMIDE
(LASIX) THERAPY.
12. A PATIENT WITH CONGESTIVE HEART
FAILURE GAINS 5 POUNDS IN 1 WEEK.
THIS MOST LIKELY INDICATES A FLUID
WEIGHT GAIN OF
A. ½ L.
B. 1 L.
C. 2 L.
D. 3 L.: • ANSWER: C
• RATIONALE: WEIGHT GAIN OF 2.2 POUNDS IS EQUIVALENT TO AN EXCESS LITER OF BODY FLUIDS.
13. BEFORE ADMINISTERING
SPIRONOLACTONE, IT IS MOST
IMPORTANT FOR THE NURSE TO
DETERMINE IF THE PATIENT IS ALSO
, Galen pharm 210 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cbn16e
RECEIVING
A. DIGOXIN (LANOXIN).
B. POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (K-DUR).
C. ACETAMINOPHEN (TYLENOL).
D. DOXAZOSIN (CARDURA).: • ANSWER: B
• RATIONALE: SPIRONOLACTONE IS A POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC. POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IS NOT INDI-
CATED UNLESS THE PATIENT'S SERUM POTASSIUM LEVEL IS VERY LOW.
14. WHICH STATEMENT ABOUT ALDOSTERONE
DOES THE NURSE IDENTIFY AS BEING
TRUE? ALDOSTERONE
A. PROMOTES SODIUM EXCRETION.
B. IS A MINERALOCORTICOID HORMONE.
C. PROMOTES POTASSIUM RETENTION.
D. IS SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS.: • ANSWER: B
• RATIONALE: ALDOSTERONE IS A MINERALOCORTICOID HORMONE THAT PROMOTES SODIUM RETENTION, AND
POTASSIUM EXCRETION IS NOT SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS
15. An elderly patient will be taking a vasodilator for hypertension. Which ad-
verse effect is of most concern for the older adult patient taking this class of
drug?
Dry mouth
Restlessness
Hypotension
Constipation: Hypotension
The elderly are more sensitive to the blood pressure-lowering effects of vasodilators, and consequently experience
more problems with hypotension, dizziness, and syncope. The other options are incorrect.
16. The nurse is administering a beta-blocker to a patient. Which is the most
important assessment to perform before administration?
Potassium level
Urine output
Serum level of medication
Apical pulse: Apical pulse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cbn16e
1. What is hydrochlorothiazide and what is it used for?: a thiazide diuretic used for HTN or
edema from CHF
2. What is furosemide and what is it used for?: Lasix a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention,
renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, HTN, pulmonary edema
3. diuretics caused lab abnormalities: low K (except spironolactone which causes high K)
low Mg
low Cl
low Na
high blood sugar
low Ca (loop)
high Ca (thiazide)
4. What is mannitol and what is it used for?: an osmotic diuretic used to decrease ICP, IOP, excrete
toxins, used in emergent situations
5. What is spironolactone and what is it used for?: a potassium-sparing diuretic blocks
aldosterone, used for heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis
6. diuretic interventions: monitor I's & O's, daily weight
notify HCP if urine output does not increase
monitor VS, watch BP
administer Lasix slowly
for K wasting watch for s/s of hypokalemia
for K sparing watch for s/s of hyperkalemia
monitor electrolyte levels
monitor glucose periodically
7. diuretics teaching: take BP before dose
weigh self daily (report gain of 2# overnight or 5# in week)
take medication in morning
ok to take w/ food for GI upset
avoid sunlight for photosensitivity
teach to get up slowly
reinforce need for medication and compliance
diet - K wasting - increase potassium, supplement, esp if Pt on digoxin
, Galen pharm 210 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cbn16e
diet - K sparing - decrease potassium
teach that drugs can increase glucose so HCP will monitor blood glucose
8. A PATIENT IS TAKING FUROSEMIDE (LASIX) 40 MG DAILY FOR HEART FAILURE
AND HYPERTENSION. IT IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR THE NURSE TO ASSESS THE
PATIENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
A. LOW SERUM POTASSIUM, SODIUM, AND MAGNESIUM, AND ELEVATED CAL-
CIUM.
B. LOW SERUM POTASSIUM AND SODIUM AND ELEVATED MAGNESIUM AND
CALCIUM.
C. LOW SERUM POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND CALCIUM.
D. LOW SERUM POTASSIUM AND SODIUM, WITH
MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM REMAINING NORMAL.: ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: LOOP DIURETICS CAUSE A LOSS OF
POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND CALCIUM.
9. WHICH STATEMENT WILL THE NURSE
INCLUDE WHEN TEACHING A PATIENT
ABOUT LOOP (HIGH-CEILING) DIURETICS?
A. TAKE THE MEDICATION AT BEDTIME.
B. TAKE THE MEDICATION ON AN EMPTY STOMACH.
C. RISE SLOWLY FROM A LYING OR SITTING TO
STANDING POSITION TO PREVENT DIZZINESS.
D. AVOID FRUIT AND VEGETABLES IN THE DIET.: Answer: C
Rationale: The medication should be taken in the morning, not at
bedtime, to prevent sleep disturbances and nocturia; taking the
medication at mealtime or with a snack, not on an empty stomach, can
prevent nausea from developing, and patients receiving this medication
should eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables to prevent hypokalemia.
10. A PATIENT IS ADMITTED TO THE INTENSIVE
CARE UNIT WITH INCREASED
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE. THE NURSE
WOULD ANTICIPATE ADMINISTERING
A. FUROSEMIDE (LASIX).
, Galen pharm 210 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cbn16e
B. MANNITOL (OSMITROL).
C. TRIAMTERENE (DYRENIUM).
D. SPIRONOLACTONE (ALDACTONE).: • ANSWER: B
• RATIONALE: OSMOTIC DIURETICS SUCH AS MANNITOL (OSMITROL) INCREASE THE OSMOLALITY AND SODIUM
REABSORPTION IN THE PROXIMAL TUBULE AND LOOP OF HENLE. SODIUM, CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM, AND WATER ARE
EXCRETED. THIS GROUP OF DRUGS IS USED TO PREVENT KIDNEY FAILURE, TO DECREASE INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE,
AND TO DECREASE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE. MANNITOL IS A POTENT OSMOTIC POTASSIUM-WASTING DIURETIC
FREQUENTLY USED IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS SUCH AS ICP AND IOP.
11. A PATIENT IS RECEIVING FUROSEMIDE
(LASIX). IT IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR THE
NURSE TO MONITOR THE PATIENT FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
A. HYPERKALEMIA.
B. HYPOKALEMIA.
C. HYPONATREMIA.
D. HYPERNATREMIA.: • ANSWER: B
• RATIONALE: HYPOKALEMIA IS THE MOST COMMON
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE ASSOCIATED WITH FUROSEMIDE
(LASIX) THERAPY.
12. A PATIENT WITH CONGESTIVE HEART
FAILURE GAINS 5 POUNDS IN 1 WEEK.
THIS MOST LIKELY INDICATES A FLUID
WEIGHT GAIN OF
A. ½ L.
B. 1 L.
C. 2 L.
D. 3 L.: • ANSWER: C
• RATIONALE: WEIGHT GAIN OF 2.2 POUNDS IS EQUIVALENT TO AN EXCESS LITER OF BODY FLUIDS.
13. BEFORE ADMINISTERING
SPIRONOLACTONE, IT IS MOST
IMPORTANT FOR THE NURSE TO
DETERMINE IF THE PATIENT IS ALSO
, Galen pharm 210 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cbn16e
RECEIVING
A. DIGOXIN (LANOXIN).
B. POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (K-DUR).
C. ACETAMINOPHEN (TYLENOL).
D. DOXAZOSIN (CARDURA).: • ANSWER: B
• RATIONALE: SPIRONOLACTONE IS A POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC. POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IS NOT INDI-
CATED UNLESS THE PATIENT'S SERUM POTASSIUM LEVEL IS VERY LOW.
14. WHICH STATEMENT ABOUT ALDOSTERONE
DOES THE NURSE IDENTIFY AS BEING
TRUE? ALDOSTERONE
A. PROMOTES SODIUM EXCRETION.
B. IS A MINERALOCORTICOID HORMONE.
C. PROMOTES POTASSIUM RETENTION.
D. IS SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS.: • ANSWER: B
• RATIONALE: ALDOSTERONE IS A MINERALOCORTICOID HORMONE THAT PROMOTES SODIUM RETENTION, AND
POTASSIUM EXCRETION IS NOT SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS
15. An elderly patient will be taking a vasodilator for hypertension. Which ad-
verse effect is of most concern for the older adult patient taking this class of
drug?
Dry mouth
Restlessness
Hypotension
Constipation: Hypotension
The elderly are more sensitive to the blood pressure-lowering effects of vasodilators, and consequently experience
more problems with hypotension, dizziness, and syncope. The other options are incorrect.
16. The nurse is administering a beta-blocker to a patient. Which is the most
important assessment to perform before administration?
Potassium level
Urine output
Serum level of medication
Apical pulse: Apical pulse
