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NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Final Exam Prep
Material Newest 2025/2026 Complete 300 Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)|Brand New Version!
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER=The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.
Which schedule drugs can APRNs prescribe? - ANSWER=II-V
Who determines and regulates prescriptive authority? - ANSWER=State Board of Nursing
How does limited prescriptive authority impact patients within the healthcare system? -
ANSWER=Longer wait times to sign a prescription
Limit practitioners that are needed in rural areas
Unequal relationships between providers.
Independent practitioners= more patients being seen= lessens the patient/provider load
What are the key responsibilities of prescribing? - ANSWER=Safe and competent practice
Understanding of the drugs, reactions, and pharmacology
Be aware of the age group you are prescribing to
What should be used to make prescribing decisions? - ANSWER=Documented provider-patient
relationship
Not prescribing for family or friends
Documenting a thorough H&P, including discussions with the patient, and drug
monitoring/titrating.
Cost, guidelines, availability, interactions, side effects, allergies, hepatic and renal function, need
for monitoring, and special populations
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Be familiar with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of older adults and how that
would translate to baseline information needed to prescribe. - ANSWER=increase glomerular
filtration rate leads to increase drug excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Beer's Criteria- What is it and Why is it important - ANSWER=Recommendations of medications
inappropriate for elderly (65 and older)
Prevents adverse drug reactions
Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy - ANSWER=-increase risk for medication interactions
CYP450 inhibitors
o Examples
o What do they do?
o What do they cause if not used correctly? (aka: What would the patient experience?) -
ANSWER=inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
Examples
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit
juice, quinidine
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
Examples of CYP450 inducers
o Examples
o What do they do?
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o What do they cause if not used correctly? (aka: What would the patient experience?) -
ANSWER=Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug)
Examples
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
What happens when someone has a poor metabolism phenotype? - ANSWER=medications
metabolized slower, medication might not work or put them at risk for side-effects
What does the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulate when it comes to medications? -
ANSWER=Whether the drug is safe, effective, and benefits of a drug outweigh the risks
Reasons for medication non-adherence - ANSWER=patients never filling/refilling prescriptions
(resulting in therapeutic failure)
multiple chronic disorders
multiple prescription medications
multiple doses per day for each medication
drug packaging that is difficult to open
multiple prescribers
changes in the regimen (adding meds, changes in dose or timing)
cognitive or physical impairment (reduction in memory, hearing, visual, color, or manual
dexterity)
living alone
recent discharge from the hospital
low literacy
inability to pay for meds
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personal conviction that a drug is unnecessary or the dosage is too high
presence of side effects
Black Box Warnings
o What are they?
o Why are they issued? - ANSWER=Is the strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still
remain on the market. Usually presented on the label with a heavy black border.
Issued by the FDA due to having serious or life-threatening risks
Neonate and infant drug absorption
o Be familiar with general development and when absorption would reach adult levels -
ANSWER=Dosage based on- weight or body surface area (BSA)
Age 1- mirrors adult absorption
Common fears with genetic testing - ANSWER=fear of discrimination
lack of education
cost
CDC Guiding principles for prescribing opioids - ANSWER=Opioids are not first-line therapy
Establish goals for pain and function
Discuss risks and benefits
Use immediate-release opioids when starting
Use the lowest effective dose
Prescribe short durations for acute pain
Evaluate benefits and harms frequently
Use strategies to migrate risk
NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Final Exam Prep
Material Newest 2025/2026 Complete 300 Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)|Brand New Version!
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER=The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.
Which schedule drugs can APRNs prescribe? - ANSWER=II-V
Who determines and regulates prescriptive authority? - ANSWER=State Board of Nursing
How does limited prescriptive authority impact patients within the healthcare system? -
ANSWER=Longer wait times to sign a prescription
Limit practitioners that are needed in rural areas
Unequal relationships between providers.
Independent practitioners= more patients being seen= lessens the patient/provider load
What are the key responsibilities of prescribing? - ANSWER=Safe and competent practice
Understanding of the drugs, reactions, and pharmacology
Be aware of the age group you are prescribing to
What should be used to make prescribing decisions? - ANSWER=Documented provider-patient
relationship
Not prescribing for family or friends
Documenting a thorough H&P, including discussions with the patient, and drug
monitoring/titrating.
Cost, guidelines, availability, interactions, side effects, allergies, hepatic and renal function, need
for monitoring, and special populations
,2|Page
Be familiar with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of older adults and how that
would translate to baseline information needed to prescribe. - ANSWER=increase glomerular
filtration rate leads to increase drug excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Beer's Criteria- What is it and Why is it important - ANSWER=Recommendations of medications
inappropriate for elderly (65 and older)
Prevents adverse drug reactions
Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy - ANSWER=-increase risk for medication interactions
CYP450 inhibitors
o Examples
o What do they do?
o What do they cause if not used correctly? (aka: What would the patient experience?) -
ANSWER=inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
Examples
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit
juice, quinidine
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
Examples of CYP450 inducers
o Examples
o What do they do?
,3|Page
o What do they cause if not used correctly? (aka: What would the patient experience?) -
ANSWER=Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug)
Examples
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
What happens when someone has a poor metabolism phenotype? - ANSWER=medications
metabolized slower, medication might not work or put them at risk for side-effects
What does the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulate when it comes to medications? -
ANSWER=Whether the drug is safe, effective, and benefits of a drug outweigh the risks
Reasons for medication non-adherence - ANSWER=patients never filling/refilling prescriptions
(resulting in therapeutic failure)
multiple chronic disorders
multiple prescription medications
multiple doses per day for each medication
drug packaging that is difficult to open
multiple prescribers
changes in the regimen (adding meds, changes in dose or timing)
cognitive or physical impairment (reduction in memory, hearing, visual, color, or manual
dexterity)
living alone
recent discharge from the hospital
low literacy
inability to pay for meds
, 4|Page
personal conviction that a drug is unnecessary or the dosage is too high
presence of side effects
Black Box Warnings
o What are they?
o Why are they issued? - ANSWER=Is the strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still
remain on the market. Usually presented on the label with a heavy black border.
Issued by the FDA due to having serious or life-threatening risks
Neonate and infant drug absorption
o Be familiar with general development and when absorption would reach adult levels -
ANSWER=Dosage based on- weight or body surface area (BSA)
Age 1- mirrors adult absorption
Common fears with genetic testing - ANSWER=fear of discrimination
lack of education
cost
CDC Guiding principles for prescribing opioids - ANSWER=Opioids are not first-line therapy
Establish goals for pain and function
Discuss risks and benefits
Use immediate-release opioids when starting
Use the lowest effective dose
Prescribe short durations for acute pain
Evaluate benefits and harms frequently
Use strategies to migrate risk
