FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY: A
CLINICAL
APPROACH EDITION 4 CHAPTER 1 AND
CHAPTER 2 EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What does solid media provide? ---- ANSWER----Provides a firm
surface on which cells can discrete colonies. `
What is synthetic media? ---- ANSWER----precisely chemically
defined. contains pure organic and inorganic compounds.
What is complex media? ---- ANSWER----if even one component of a
given medium is not precisely defined this belongs to this type of
media.
What are the 5 types of functional media? ---- ANSWER----general
purpose, enriched media, selective media, differential media, and
combinations.
,2|Page
What is general purpose media? ---- ANSWER-----Used to grow wide
variety of microbes . Often used for the maintence of microbes.
- Allows for growth of a broad as a spectrum of microbes as possible.
- Provides enough nutrients in which most any microorganism will
utilize for growth.
What is enriched media? ---- ANSWER----contains some complex
organic substances and special growth factors.
What is a negative stain? ---- ANSWER----the dye does not stick to
the specimen but settles some distance from its outer boundary,
forming a silhouette.
What is the purpose of using negative staining? ---- ANSWER----the
value of negative staining is its simplicity and the reduced shrinkage
or distortion of cells because the smear in not heat fixed.
What are the three categories of positive staining? ---- ANSWER---
simple, differential and special.
, 3|Page
Define simple stain ---- ANSWER----require only a single dye. cause
all cells in a smear to appear more or less the same color, regardless
the type, but can still reveal bacterial characteristics such as shape,
size and arrangement.
Define differential staining ---- ANSWER----uses two differently
colored dyes, called the primary dye and the counterstain, to
distinguish between cell types and parts. Tends to be more complex
and sometimes requires additional chemical reagents to produce the
desired reaction.
What are the types of differential stains? ---- ANSWER----gram stain,
acid-fast stain, endospore stain
Colors commonly used in differential stains ---- ANSWER----red and
purple, red and green, or pink and blue.
What color does bacteria turn in a gram positive stain? ----
ANSWER----Purple
CLINICAL
APPROACH EDITION 4 CHAPTER 1 AND
CHAPTER 2 EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What does solid media provide? ---- ANSWER----Provides a firm
surface on which cells can discrete colonies. `
What is synthetic media? ---- ANSWER----precisely chemically
defined. contains pure organic and inorganic compounds.
What is complex media? ---- ANSWER----if even one component of a
given medium is not precisely defined this belongs to this type of
media.
What are the 5 types of functional media? ---- ANSWER----general
purpose, enriched media, selective media, differential media, and
combinations.
,2|Page
What is general purpose media? ---- ANSWER-----Used to grow wide
variety of microbes . Often used for the maintence of microbes.
- Allows for growth of a broad as a spectrum of microbes as possible.
- Provides enough nutrients in which most any microorganism will
utilize for growth.
What is enriched media? ---- ANSWER----contains some complex
organic substances and special growth factors.
What is a negative stain? ---- ANSWER----the dye does not stick to
the specimen but settles some distance from its outer boundary,
forming a silhouette.
What is the purpose of using negative staining? ---- ANSWER----the
value of negative staining is its simplicity and the reduced shrinkage
or distortion of cells because the smear in not heat fixed.
What are the three categories of positive staining? ---- ANSWER---
simple, differential and special.
, 3|Page
Define simple stain ---- ANSWER----require only a single dye. cause
all cells in a smear to appear more or less the same color, regardless
the type, but can still reveal bacterial characteristics such as shape,
size and arrangement.
Define differential staining ---- ANSWER----uses two differently
colored dyes, called the primary dye and the counterstain, to
distinguish between cell types and parts. Tends to be more complex
and sometimes requires additional chemical reagents to produce the
desired reaction.
What are the types of differential stains? ---- ANSWER----gram stain,
acid-fast stain, endospore stain
Colors commonly used in differential stains ---- ANSWER----red and
purple, red and green, or pink and blue.
What color does bacteria turn in a gram positive stain? ----
ANSWER----Purple
