Vitamin Common Name Coenzyme name/ Co-substrate / Deficiency Extra info
Form Prosthe c group
Vitamin B1 Thiamine Thiamine -Prosthe c group Beriberi: Extensive nervous -Found in food
pyrophosphate -Ex. Pyruvate system and circulatory system
(TPP) decarboxylase, damage (muscle was ng,
pyruvate edema, weakness)
dehydrogenase
enzymes
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin -Flavoproteins -Prosthe c group -Cracked, red lips -Found in food
-Flavoenzymes -Inflamma on of the lining of -Involved in 1e- or 2e- transfer
-Flavin mouth, tongue, mouth
mononucleo de -Ulcers
(FMN)
-Flavin adenine
dinucleo de (FAD)
Vitamin B3 -Niacin -NAD+ -Co-substrates for -NAD+ : Two 5’ribonucleo des (AMP,
-Nico nic acid -NADP+ Dehydrogenase nico namide mononucleo de)
-Nico namide -NADH enzymes joined by a phosphor-an-hydride
-NADPH -Catalyze the linkage
oxida on/reduc on -NADP+ : Phosphoryl group on 2’
of substrates by carbon
transfer of a
hydride ion (2e-
and 1H+)
Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Coenzyme A - Prosthe c group -Coenzyme A (CoA) may
acid act as an acetyl group carrier to form
acetyl-CoA
-Important in the
biosynthesis of fa y
acids, cholesterol, and acetylcholine
-Pantothenic acid is required in the
forma on of Acyl Carrier Protein
(ACP) which is
required for fa y acid synthesis (fa y
acid synthases).
Form Prosthe c group
Vitamin B1 Thiamine Thiamine -Prosthe c group Beriberi: Extensive nervous -Found in food
pyrophosphate -Ex. Pyruvate system and circulatory system
(TPP) decarboxylase, damage (muscle was ng,
pyruvate edema, weakness)
dehydrogenase
enzymes
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin -Flavoproteins -Prosthe c group -Cracked, red lips -Found in food
-Flavoenzymes -Inflamma on of the lining of -Involved in 1e- or 2e- transfer
-Flavin mouth, tongue, mouth
mononucleo de -Ulcers
(FMN)
-Flavin adenine
dinucleo de (FAD)
Vitamin B3 -Niacin -NAD+ -Co-substrates for -NAD+ : Two 5’ribonucleo des (AMP,
-Nico nic acid -NADP+ Dehydrogenase nico namide mononucleo de)
-Nico namide -NADH enzymes joined by a phosphor-an-hydride
-NADPH -Catalyze the linkage
oxida on/reduc on -NADP+ : Phosphoryl group on 2’
of substrates by carbon
transfer of a
hydride ion (2e-
and 1H+)
Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Coenzyme A - Prosthe c group -Coenzyme A (CoA) may
acid act as an acetyl group carrier to form
acetyl-CoA
-Important in the
biosynthesis of fa y
acids, cholesterol, and acetylcholine
-Pantothenic acid is required in the
forma on of Acyl Carrier Protein
(ACP) which is
required for fa y acid synthesis (fa y
acid synthases).
