BIOD 101 - EXAM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

BIOD 101 - EXAM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)What is PHYLOGENY? Answer A strategy through which scientists trace the evolutionary history and diversification of a group of species. What is the purpose of a PHYLOGENIC TREE? Answer The purpose of a Phylogenic Tree is to show the relationship between different levels of Linnaean Classification taxa, each branch on a Phylogenic Tree represents where two organisms likely share a common ancestor. What are ARCHAEA? Answer Archaea are single-celled, microscopic organisms with a prokaryotic cell structure. What are EXTREMOPHILES? Give examples. Answer A small subset of archaea that thrive in extreme environments; - Thermophiles: extremophiles that thrive in high temperature environments, such as volcanoes - Halophiles: extremophiles that can be found in extremely saline environments, such as the Dead Sea - Psychrophiles: extremophiles that thrive in attic temperatures, such as the tundra of Antarctica What are EUBACTERIA? Answer Single-celled bacteria with a prokaryotic cellular structure that reproduce by binary fission. What are the three different types of eubacteria? Answer Pathogenic, non-pathogenic, and commensal What are PATHOGENIC EUBACTERIA? Answer Pathogenic eubacteria are bacteria that cause illness through the production of exotoxins and endotoxins. What is COMMENSAL EUBACTERIA? Answer Commensal eubacteria are bacteria which neither benefits nor harms it's host, and are often part of the human flora. What are EXOTOXINS? Give an example. Answer A toxin that is secreted by a bacterial cell into its surroundings; An example of an Exotoxin is the toxins that are secreted by cholera. What are ENDOTOXINS? Give an example. Answer Endotoxins are toxins that are present inside the bacteria and are only released upon the death of the bacterial cell when the cell wall begins to decompose; an example of an endotoxin are the toxins observed within salmonella. Bacteria that causes illness are called what? Answer Pathogenic Bacteria What are DECOMPOSERS? Answer Organisms that break down dead and dying organic matter and releases vital elements into the environment. What are SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS? Answer A relationship between two organisms in which one or both organisms benefit from the interaction; symbiotic relationships may be mutualistic, communalistic, or parasitic. Describe a MUTUALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. Answer Mutualism refers to a relationship where there is a mutual benefit to both organisms; an example is non-pathogenic E. Coli - this non-pathogenic bacteria protects its host from pathogenic bacteria, and in return it obtains adequate nutrients from its host.