NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM AND TEST BANK
2025/2026 COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
purpose of IV therapy..
ANSWER..hydration
nutrition
med administration
choosing vascular access..ANSWER..based on medications needed to
be administeres, length of stay/care w/ goal of minimizing # of
accesses, attempts, and risk for adverse reaction
access standards of care..ANSWER..location
gauge size
# of attempts
chlorhexidine
bacteriostatic dressings/caps
scrub hub (15 seconds)
site check
environment
flushing (3-5cc PIV, 10cc CIV)
blood return
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,continuous IV site check..ANSWER..performed q/h
intermittent IV site check..ANSWER..performed Q8H and/or prior to
med administration
tubing standards of care..ANSWER..never leave tubing uncapped
change continuous tubing Q96H
change TPN tubing Q24H
change blood product tubing every unit
peripheral IV..ANSWER..short term catheter inserted into any vein
that is not in the chest or abdomen
function: non irritating and non vesicant meds
dwell time: therapy > 5 days
peripheral IV sites..ANSWER..cephalic, basilic, saphenous, external
jugular, antecubital, dorsal venous, scalp
care of peripheral line..ANSWER..assess, flush for patency, maintain
dressing, removal
catheter sizes and flow rates..ANSWER..
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,midline catheters..ANSWER.."long peripheral line"// sterile
location: terminates in area of axillae
meds: blood draw
dwell time: up to 4 weeks
midline catheter sites..ANSWER..basilic and cephalic veins
midline catheter uses..ANSWER..blood draw
PPN
pts with difficult IV access
Central intravenous therapy..ANSWER..Used to infuse fluids due to
rapid hemodilution in the SVC.
1. Ensure X-ray verification of tip prior to use
2. Insertion occurs in the OR, the clients room, or outpatient facility
using sterile technique.
3.Tunneled and implanted catheters require surgical removal
4. Types: nontunneled, percutaneous central venous catheters (CVC),
PICC, tunneled central venous catheters (Hickman, Groshong).
Nontunneled percutaneous central venous catheter
(CVC)..ANSWER..Description: 18 to 25cm (7-10 inch) in length w/ 1-5
lumens.
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, Length of use: short-term (<6w)
Insertion location: SV, JV; tip in the distal
Indications: emergent or trauma use, admin of blood, admin of
chemotherapeutic agent, antibiotics, and TPN
Tunneled percutaneous central venous catheter..ANSWER..For long-
term use
Insertion: A portion of the catheter lies in a subcutaneous tunnel
separating the point where the catheter enters the vein from where it
enters the skin with a cuff. Tissue granulates into the cuff to provide a
mehhanical barrier to organisms and anchoring.
Indications: Frequent-long term need for vascular access
Groshong catheters have pressure-sensitive valves to prevent blood
reflux and do not require a clamp.
central line flushing..ANSWER..some (open ended catheters) require
heparin flushes to prevent clogging with fibrin; while some (valved
catheters) do not
PICC line..ANSWER..Description: 45-74 cm (18-29 inch) with single or
multiple lumens. Length of use 12m
Insertion: basilic or cephalic vein at least one fingerbreath above or
below the AC fossa. Should be advanced until tip is in the lower 1/3 of
the SVC.
4|Page
2025/2026 COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
purpose of IV therapy..
ANSWER..hydration
nutrition
med administration
choosing vascular access..ANSWER..based on medications needed to
be administeres, length of stay/care w/ goal of minimizing # of
accesses, attempts, and risk for adverse reaction
access standards of care..ANSWER..location
gauge size
# of attempts
chlorhexidine
bacteriostatic dressings/caps
scrub hub (15 seconds)
site check
environment
flushing (3-5cc PIV, 10cc CIV)
blood return
1|Page
,continuous IV site check..ANSWER..performed q/h
intermittent IV site check..ANSWER..performed Q8H and/or prior to
med administration
tubing standards of care..ANSWER..never leave tubing uncapped
change continuous tubing Q96H
change TPN tubing Q24H
change blood product tubing every unit
peripheral IV..ANSWER..short term catheter inserted into any vein
that is not in the chest or abdomen
function: non irritating and non vesicant meds
dwell time: therapy > 5 days
peripheral IV sites..ANSWER..cephalic, basilic, saphenous, external
jugular, antecubital, dorsal venous, scalp
care of peripheral line..ANSWER..assess, flush for patency, maintain
dressing, removal
catheter sizes and flow rates..ANSWER..
2|Page
,midline catheters..ANSWER.."long peripheral line"// sterile
location: terminates in area of axillae
meds: blood draw
dwell time: up to 4 weeks
midline catheter sites..ANSWER..basilic and cephalic veins
midline catheter uses..ANSWER..blood draw
PPN
pts with difficult IV access
Central intravenous therapy..ANSWER..Used to infuse fluids due to
rapid hemodilution in the SVC.
1. Ensure X-ray verification of tip prior to use
2. Insertion occurs in the OR, the clients room, or outpatient facility
using sterile technique.
3.Tunneled and implanted catheters require surgical removal
4. Types: nontunneled, percutaneous central venous catheters (CVC),
PICC, tunneled central venous catheters (Hickman, Groshong).
Nontunneled percutaneous central venous catheter
(CVC)..ANSWER..Description: 18 to 25cm (7-10 inch) in length w/ 1-5
lumens.
3|Page
, Length of use: short-term (<6w)
Insertion location: SV, JV; tip in the distal
Indications: emergent or trauma use, admin of blood, admin of
chemotherapeutic agent, antibiotics, and TPN
Tunneled percutaneous central venous catheter..ANSWER..For long-
term use
Insertion: A portion of the catheter lies in a subcutaneous tunnel
separating the point where the catheter enters the vein from where it
enters the skin with a cuff. Tissue granulates into the cuff to provide a
mehhanical barrier to organisms and anchoring.
Indications: Frequent-long term need for vascular access
Groshong catheters have pressure-sensitive valves to prevent blood
reflux and do not require a clamp.
central line flushing..ANSWER..some (open ended catheters) require
heparin flushes to prevent clogging with fibrin; while some (valved
catheters) do not
PICC line..ANSWER..Description: 45-74 cm (18-29 inch) with single or
multiple lumens. Length of use 12m
Insertion: basilic or cephalic vein at least one fingerbreath above or
below the AC fossa. Should be advanced until tip is in the lower 1/3 of
the SVC.
4|Page
