BIOS 251 Anatomy and Physiology I
with Lab Final Exam Version 1
Question 1
Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue?
A. Movement
B. Heat production
C. Nutrient storage
D. Posture maintenance
Correct Answer: C. Nutrient storage
Explanation: Muscle tissue functions in movement, heat production, and posture
maintenance. Nutrient storage is primarily a function of adipose tissue and the liver, not muscle
tissue.
Question 2
In an isometric contraction, the muscle develops tension but does not:
A. Shorten
B. Lengthen
C. Produce force
D. Relax
Correct Answer: A. Shorten
Explanation: In an isometric contraction, the muscle generates tension without changing
length (no shortening or lengthening), as seen in holding a static position.
Question 3
The muscle that is the major driving force during a movement is called the:
,A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Synergist
D. Fixator
Correct Answer: A. Agonist
Explanation: The agonist (prime mover) is the muscle primarily responsible for producing a
specific movement, such as the biceps brachii during elbow flexion.
Question 4
The biceps brachii muscle that is used to pick a cell phone off from a tabletop represents the
_____ in a Newtonian model of a lever system.
A. Effort
B. Load
C. Fulcrum
D. Lever
Correct Answer: A. Effort
Explanation: In a lever system, the biceps brachii provides the effort (force) to lift the load
(cell phone), with the elbow joint acting as the fulcrum.
Question 5
A hyperpolarizing graded potential:
A. Makes the membrane potential more negative
B. Makes the membrane potential more positive
C. Triggers an action potential
D. Increases neurotransmitter release
Correct Answer: A. Makes the membrane potential more negative
Explanation: A hyperpolarizing graded potential increases the negativity of the membrane
potential, making it less likely to generate an action potential.
, Question 6
The component of a neuron that provides the spatial integration of incoming signals is the:
A. Dendrites
B. Axon
C. Soma (cell body)
D. Axon terminal
Correct Answer: C. Soma (cell body)
Explanation: The soma integrates incoming signals from dendrites, determining whether the
neuron will generate an action potential based on the net effect of excitatory and inhibitory
inputs.
Question 7
Which of the following ventricles is found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and
within the central gray region?
A. Third ventricle
B. Lateral ventricle
C. Fourth ventricle
D. Cerebral aqueduct
Correct Answer: A. Third ventricle
Explanation: The third ventricle is located along the midline, superior to the hypothalamus,
within the central gray region, and connects to the lateral ventricles and fourth ventricle.
Question 8
Which of the cranial nerves transmits signals from the eye to the brain?
A. Optic nerve (II)
B. Oculomotor nerve (III)
C. Trigeminal nerve (V)
D. Facial nerve (VII)
Correct Answer: A. Optic nerve (II)
with Lab Final Exam Version 1
Question 1
Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue?
A. Movement
B. Heat production
C. Nutrient storage
D. Posture maintenance
Correct Answer: C. Nutrient storage
Explanation: Muscle tissue functions in movement, heat production, and posture
maintenance. Nutrient storage is primarily a function of adipose tissue and the liver, not muscle
tissue.
Question 2
In an isometric contraction, the muscle develops tension but does not:
A. Shorten
B. Lengthen
C. Produce force
D. Relax
Correct Answer: A. Shorten
Explanation: In an isometric contraction, the muscle generates tension without changing
length (no shortening or lengthening), as seen in holding a static position.
Question 3
The muscle that is the major driving force during a movement is called the:
,A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Synergist
D. Fixator
Correct Answer: A. Agonist
Explanation: The agonist (prime mover) is the muscle primarily responsible for producing a
specific movement, such as the biceps brachii during elbow flexion.
Question 4
The biceps brachii muscle that is used to pick a cell phone off from a tabletop represents the
_____ in a Newtonian model of a lever system.
A. Effort
B. Load
C. Fulcrum
D. Lever
Correct Answer: A. Effort
Explanation: In a lever system, the biceps brachii provides the effort (force) to lift the load
(cell phone), with the elbow joint acting as the fulcrum.
Question 5
A hyperpolarizing graded potential:
A. Makes the membrane potential more negative
B. Makes the membrane potential more positive
C. Triggers an action potential
D. Increases neurotransmitter release
Correct Answer: A. Makes the membrane potential more negative
Explanation: A hyperpolarizing graded potential increases the negativity of the membrane
potential, making it less likely to generate an action potential.
, Question 6
The component of a neuron that provides the spatial integration of incoming signals is the:
A. Dendrites
B. Axon
C. Soma (cell body)
D. Axon terminal
Correct Answer: C. Soma (cell body)
Explanation: The soma integrates incoming signals from dendrites, determining whether the
neuron will generate an action potential based on the net effect of excitatory and inhibitory
inputs.
Question 7
Which of the following ventricles is found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and
within the central gray region?
A. Third ventricle
B. Lateral ventricle
C. Fourth ventricle
D. Cerebral aqueduct
Correct Answer: A. Third ventricle
Explanation: The third ventricle is located along the midline, superior to the hypothalamus,
within the central gray region, and connects to the lateral ventricles and fourth ventricle.
Question 8
Which of the cranial nerves transmits signals from the eye to the brain?
A. Optic nerve (II)
B. Oculomotor nerve (III)
C. Trigeminal nerve (V)
D. Facial nerve (VII)
Correct Answer: A. Optic nerve (II)
