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PHRM 864 Acid-Base Exam
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
(2025)
What is physiological pH? - CORRECT ANSWER-7.35 - 7.45
At what pH is a pt considered acidemic? - CORRECT ANSWER-< 7.35
At what pH is a pt considered alkalemic? - CORRECT ANSWER-> 7.45
Carbonic acid/bicarb buffer equalibrium - CORRECT ANSWER-H + HCO3 ←→
H2CO3 ←→ CO2 + H2O
What is the pka of carbonic acid? - CORRECT ANSWER-6.1
HHE - CORRECT ANSWER-pKa + log(base/acid)
Normal range for PaCO2? - CORRECT ANSWER-40
Normal range for HCO3? - CORRECT ANSWER-24
Adverse consequences of acidemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-- decreased CO
- impairment of cardiac contractility
- increase pulmonary vascular resistance
- arrhythmias
- insulin resistance
- hyperkalemia
- inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis
- coma/altered mental status
- hyperventilation
- decreased respiratory strength
Adverse consequences of alkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-- decreased heart
perfusion
- arrhythmias
, www.stuvia.com/user/BRAINSCAPE1
- arteriolar constriction
- decreased K, Ca, and Mg
- decreased cerebral blood flow
- seizures
- decreased respirations
What are the three ways we can regulate acid? - CORRECT ANSWER-Buffering,
renal regulation, ventilatory regulation (and heptaic)
What natural buffers does our body contain? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Bicarb/carbonic acid (main buffer), phosphate, and protein
Onset and capacity of bicarb? - CORRECT ANSWER-Rapid onset and
intermediate capacity
When large amounts of acid are added to the body, how does bicarb counter
this? - CORRECT ANSWER-bicarb combines with the acid (H+) in kidneys and
converts it to CO2 in the lungs to exhale
When the body depletes bicarb for acidemia, what doe sit use next? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Phosphates
Onset and capacity of phosphates? - CORRECT ANSWER-Intermediate
Where are phosphates found? - CORRECT ANSWER-Extracellular, intracellular,
and in bone (do not want that to break down)
Onset and capacity of proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER-Rapid onset and limited
capacity
What are the two protein buffers? - CORRECT ANSWER-Albumin and hemoglobin
What function do the kidneys place in renal regulation? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Reabsorb filtered HCO3- and excrete H+
Where is most of the bicarb reabsorbed at? - CORRECT ANSWER-PT
What breaks down H2CO3 into CO2 and water? - CORRECT ANSWER-Carbonic
anhydrase
What two forms do the kidneys excrete acid in? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ammonia
and H2PO4-
What are the two processes called for excretion of acid via kidneys - CORRECT
ANSWER-Ammonium excretion
Titratable acidity
PHRM 864 Acid-Base Exam
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
(2025)
What is physiological pH? - CORRECT ANSWER-7.35 - 7.45
At what pH is a pt considered acidemic? - CORRECT ANSWER-< 7.35
At what pH is a pt considered alkalemic? - CORRECT ANSWER-> 7.45
Carbonic acid/bicarb buffer equalibrium - CORRECT ANSWER-H + HCO3 ←→
H2CO3 ←→ CO2 + H2O
What is the pka of carbonic acid? - CORRECT ANSWER-6.1
HHE - CORRECT ANSWER-pKa + log(base/acid)
Normal range for PaCO2? - CORRECT ANSWER-40
Normal range for HCO3? - CORRECT ANSWER-24
Adverse consequences of acidemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-- decreased CO
- impairment of cardiac contractility
- increase pulmonary vascular resistance
- arrhythmias
- insulin resistance
- hyperkalemia
- inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis
- coma/altered mental status
- hyperventilation
- decreased respiratory strength
Adverse consequences of alkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-- decreased heart
perfusion
- arrhythmias
, www.stuvia.com/user/BRAINSCAPE1
- arteriolar constriction
- decreased K, Ca, and Mg
- decreased cerebral blood flow
- seizures
- decreased respirations
What are the three ways we can regulate acid? - CORRECT ANSWER-Buffering,
renal regulation, ventilatory regulation (and heptaic)
What natural buffers does our body contain? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Bicarb/carbonic acid (main buffer), phosphate, and protein
Onset and capacity of bicarb? - CORRECT ANSWER-Rapid onset and
intermediate capacity
When large amounts of acid are added to the body, how does bicarb counter
this? - CORRECT ANSWER-bicarb combines with the acid (H+) in kidneys and
converts it to CO2 in the lungs to exhale
When the body depletes bicarb for acidemia, what doe sit use next? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Phosphates
Onset and capacity of phosphates? - CORRECT ANSWER-Intermediate
Where are phosphates found? - CORRECT ANSWER-Extracellular, intracellular,
and in bone (do not want that to break down)
Onset and capacity of proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER-Rapid onset and limited
capacity
What are the two protein buffers? - CORRECT ANSWER-Albumin and hemoglobin
What function do the kidneys place in renal regulation? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Reabsorb filtered HCO3- and excrete H+
Where is most of the bicarb reabsorbed at? - CORRECT ANSWER-PT
What breaks down H2CO3 into CO2 and water? - CORRECT ANSWER-Carbonic
anhydrase
What two forms do the kidneys excrete acid in? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ammonia
and H2PO4-
What are the two processes called for excretion of acid via kidneys - CORRECT
ANSWER-Ammonium excretion
Titratable acidity
