Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced.
Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to make complex decisions that not
only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues
include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical
principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about
their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed
consent. Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the
risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed
decisions.However, challenges arise when patients are not fully capable of making informed decisions
(e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can
Test Bank For
Lewis’s Medical Surgical Nursing 5th Australian Edition Brown
Chapter01:Theimportanceofnursing
Brown:Lewis's Medical-SurgicalNursing,5thEdition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. The nurse completes an admission database and explains that the plan of care and
dischargegoalswillbedeveloped
withthepatient’sinput.Thepatientstates,“Howisthisdifferentfromwhatthedoctordoes?”Whichres
ponsewouldbe mostappropriate forthenurseto make?
a. “Theroleof thenurseisto administermedicationsand othertreatments prescribedby
yourdoctor.”
b. “Thenurse’sjobistohelp thedoctorbycollectinginformation
andcommunicatingany problems that occur.”
c. “Nursesperformmanyofthesameproceduresas
thedoctor,butnursesarewiththepatients foralonger timethan thedoctor.”
d. “Inadditionto caring foryouwhile youaresick,thenurseswillassist
youtodevelopan individualized plan to maintain yourhealth.”
ANS:D
This response is consistent with the American Nurses Association (ANA) definition
ofnursing, which describes the role of nurses in promoting health. The other responses
describesome of the dependent and collaborative functions of the nursing role but do not
accuratelydescribethe nurse’srole in thehealth caresystem.
2. Thenursedescribes toastudentnursehowto use evidence-
basedpracticeguidelineswhencaringfor patients. Whichstatement, if madeby
thenurse,would bethemostaccurate?
a. “Inferencesfrom clinicalresearchstudiesareused asaguide.”
b. “Patientcareisbasedon clinicaljudgment,experience,andtraditions.”
c. “Dataareevaluatedtoshowthatthepatientoutcomesareconsistentlymet.”
d. “Recommendationsarebasedonresearch,clinical
expertise,andpatientpreferences.”
ANS:D
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the use of the best research-based evidence combined
withclinician expertise. Clinical judgment based on the nurse’s clinical experience is part of
EBP,but clinical decision making should also incorporate current research and research-
, basedguidelines. Evaluation of patient outcomes is important, but interventions should be
based onresearchfrom randomized control studieswith alargenumber ofsubjects.
Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical
professionals regularly face situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-alterin
consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient
Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient
autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle
is enshrined in the legal concept of informed consent. Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose
all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing
patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise when patients are not fully capable of making
informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can
3. Thenurseteachesastudent nurseabouthow to apply thenursing process
whenprovidingpatient care. Which statement, if made by the student nurse, indicates that
teaching wassuccessful?
a. “The nursing process is a scientific-based method of diagnosing the
patient’shealthcareproblems.”
b. “The nursing process is a problem-solving tool used to identify and treat
patients’healthcareneeds.”
c. “The nursing process is used primarily to explain nursing interventions to
otherhealthcareprofessionals.”
d. “Thenursingprocessisbasedonnursingtheorythatincorporatesthe
biopsychosocialnatureofhumans.”
ANS:B
Thenursingprocess isaproblem-solvingapproach totheidentificationand treatmentof
patients’problems. Diagnosisis onlyone phaseof thenursing process.Theprimary useof
thenursing process is in patient care, not to establish nursing theory or explain
nursinginterventionsto otherhealth careprofessionals.
4. A patient has been admitted to the hospital for surgery and tells the nurse, “I do not
feelcomfortableleavingmychildrenwithmyparents.”Whichactionshouldthenursetakenext?
a. Reassurethepatientthatthesefeelingsarecommonforparents.
b. Havethepatientcallthe childrentoensurethattheyaredoingwell.
c. Gathermoredata about thepatient’sfeelings aboutthechild-carearrangements.
d. Callthepatient’sparentstodeterminewhetheradequatechildcareisbeingprovid
ed.
ANS:C
Because a complete assessment is necessary in order to identify a problem and choose
anappropriate intervention, the nurse’s first action should be to obtain more information.
Theother actions may be appropriate, but more assessment is needed before the best
interventioncanbechosen.
5. Apatient whois paralyzedon theleft sideofthe bodyafterastrokedevelopsapressureulceronthe
left hip. Which nursing diagnosis ismostappropriate?
a. Impairedphysicalmobilityrelatedtoleft-sidedparalysis
b. Risk forimpaired tissueintN
egUriRt ySrIelNatGedT B
t o.leCfO
t -sMidedweakness
c. Impairedskinintegrityrelatedtoalteredcirculationandpressure
d. Ineffectivetissueperfusionrelatedtoinabilitytomoveindependently
ANS:C
The patient’s major problem is the impaired skin integrity as demonstrated by the presence
ofa pressure ulcer. The nurse is able to treat the cause of altered circulation and pressure
Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to make complex decisions that not
only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues
include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical
principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about
their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed
consent. Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the
risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed
decisions.However, challenges arise when patients are not fully capable of making informed decisions
(e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can
Test Bank For
Lewis’s Medical Surgical Nursing 5th Australian Edition Brown
Chapter01:Theimportanceofnursing
Brown:Lewis's Medical-SurgicalNursing,5thEdition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. The nurse completes an admission database and explains that the plan of care and
dischargegoalswillbedeveloped
withthepatient’sinput.Thepatientstates,“Howisthisdifferentfromwhatthedoctordoes?”Whichres
ponsewouldbe mostappropriate forthenurseto make?
a. “Theroleof thenurseisto administermedicationsand othertreatments prescribedby
yourdoctor.”
b. “Thenurse’sjobistohelp thedoctorbycollectinginformation
andcommunicatingany problems that occur.”
c. “Nursesperformmanyofthesameproceduresas
thedoctor,butnursesarewiththepatients foralonger timethan thedoctor.”
d. “Inadditionto caring foryouwhile youaresick,thenurseswillassist
youtodevelopan individualized plan to maintain yourhealth.”
ANS:D
This response is consistent with the American Nurses Association (ANA) definition
ofnursing, which describes the role of nurses in promoting health. The other responses
describesome of the dependent and collaborative functions of the nursing role but do not
accuratelydescribethe nurse’srole in thehealth caresystem.
2. Thenursedescribes toastudentnursehowto use evidence-
basedpracticeguidelineswhencaringfor patients. Whichstatement, if madeby
thenurse,would bethemostaccurate?
a. “Inferencesfrom clinicalresearchstudiesareused asaguide.”
b. “Patientcareisbasedon clinicaljudgment,experience,andtraditions.”
c. “Dataareevaluatedtoshowthatthepatientoutcomesareconsistentlymet.”
d. “Recommendationsarebasedonresearch,clinical
expertise,andpatientpreferences.”
ANS:D
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the use of the best research-based evidence combined
withclinician expertise. Clinical judgment based on the nurse’s clinical experience is part of
EBP,but clinical decision making should also incorporate current research and research-
, basedguidelines. Evaluation of patient outcomes is important, but interventions should be
based onresearchfrom randomized control studieswith alargenumber ofsubjects.
Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical
professionals regularly face situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-alterin
consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient
Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient
autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle
is enshrined in the legal concept of informed consent. Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose
all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing
patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise when patients are not fully capable of making
informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can
3. Thenurseteachesastudent nurseabouthow to apply thenursing process
whenprovidingpatient care. Which statement, if made by the student nurse, indicates that
teaching wassuccessful?
a. “The nursing process is a scientific-based method of diagnosing the
patient’shealthcareproblems.”
b. “The nursing process is a problem-solving tool used to identify and treat
patients’healthcareneeds.”
c. “The nursing process is used primarily to explain nursing interventions to
otherhealthcareprofessionals.”
d. “Thenursingprocessisbasedonnursingtheorythatincorporatesthe
biopsychosocialnatureofhumans.”
ANS:B
Thenursingprocess isaproblem-solvingapproach totheidentificationand treatmentof
patients’problems. Diagnosisis onlyone phaseof thenursing process.Theprimary useof
thenursing process is in patient care, not to establish nursing theory or explain
nursinginterventionsto otherhealth careprofessionals.
4. A patient has been admitted to the hospital for surgery and tells the nurse, “I do not
feelcomfortableleavingmychildrenwithmyparents.”Whichactionshouldthenursetakenext?
a. Reassurethepatientthatthesefeelingsarecommonforparents.
b. Havethepatientcallthe childrentoensurethattheyaredoingwell.
c. Gathermoredata about thepatient’sfeelings aboutthechild-carearrangements.
d. Callthepatient’sparentstodeterminewhetheradequatechildcareisbeingprovid
ed.
ANS:C
Because a complete assessment is necessary in order to identify a problem and choose
anappropriate intervention, the nurse’s first action should be to obtain more information.
Theother actions may be appropriate, but more assessment is needed before the best
interventioncanbechosen.
5. Apatient whois paralyzedon theleft sideofthe bodyafterastrokedevelopsapressureulceronthe
left hip. Which nursing diagnosis ismostappropriate?
a. Impairedphysicalmobilityrelatedtoleft-sidedparalysis
b. Risk forimpaired tissueintN
egUriRt ySrIelNatGedT B
t o.leCfO
t -sMidedweakness
c. Impairedskinintegrityrelatedtoalteredcirculationandpressure
d. Ineffectivetissueperfusionrelatedtoinabilitytomoveindependently
ANS:C
The patient’s major problem is the impaired skin integrity as demonstrated by the presence
ofa pressure ulcer. The nurse is able to treat the cause of altered circulation and pressure
