Page 1 of 194
NCE NATIONAL COUNSELLING ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS NEW MODIFIED STUDY GUIDE
EXAM
The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches
clients with a job) is associated with
a. Parsons and Williamson.
b. Roe and Brill.
c. Holland and Super.
d. Tiedeman and O'Hara. -- ANSWER--a. Parsons and Williamson.
the theory assumes that an individual's traits can be measured so accurately that the choice of
an occupation is a one-time process.
Choice "b" mentions Roe and Brill who espoused personality theories of career choice. In
choice "c," Holland suggested that a person's personality needs to be congruent with the work
environment, while Super emphasized career development rather than career choice. As for
choice "d," Tiedeman and O'Hara support a decision-making theory.
Edmund Griffith Williamson, the chief spokesperson for the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint,
which expanded upon Parsons's model to create a theory of counseling which transcended
vocational issues.
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The trait-and-factor or actuarial approach asserts that
a. job selection is a long-term development process.
b. testing is an important part of the counseling process.
c. a counselor can match the correct person with the appropriate job.
d. b and c. -- ANSWER--d. b and c.
Parsons suggests three steps to implement the trait-and-factor approach. (a) Knowledge of the
self and aptitudes and interests. (b) Knowledge of jobs, including the advantages and
disadvantages of them. (c) Matching the individual with the work.
In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written
by Frank Parsons. Parsons has been called
a. the Father of lifestyle.
b. the Father of modern counseling.
c. the Father of vocational guidance.
d. the fourth force in counseling. -- ANSWER--c. the Father of vocational guidance.
Which statement is not true of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?
a. The approach attempts to match the person's traits with the requirements of a job.
b. The approach usually relies on psychometric information.
c. The approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity.
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d. The approach is associated with the work of Parsons and Williamson -- ANSWER--c. The
approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity.
Developmental approaches delineate stages or specify vocational choice in terms of a process
which can change throughout the life span.
516. Edmund Griffith Williamson's work (or the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint) purports to
be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the
a. Rorschach and the TAT.
b. Binet and the Wechsler.
c. BDI and the MMPI.
d. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales. -- ANSWER--d. Minnesota Occupational Rating
Scales.
517. The trait-and-factor approach fails to take _______ into account.
a. individual change throughout the life span.
b. relevant psychometric data.
c. personality.
d. job requirements. -- ANSWER--a. individual change throughout the life span.
When professional career counselors use the term leisure they technically mean
a. the client is having fun at work or away from work.
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b. the client is relaxing at work or away from work.
c. the client is working at less than 100% capacity at work or away from work.
d. the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations. --
ANSWER--d. the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for
obligations.
In terms of leisure time and dual-career families
a. dual-career families have more leisure time.
b. dual-career families have the same amount of leisure time as families with one wage
earner.
c. dual-career families have less leisure time.
d. dual-career families have more weekend leisure time. -- ANSWER--c. dual-career families
have less leisure time.
A client who says, "I feel I cannot really become an administrator in our agency because I am
a woman," is showing an example of
a. gender bias.
b. counselor bias.
c. the trait-and-factor theory.
d. developmental theory and career choice. -- ANSWER--a. gender bias.
A test or selection process is said to have adverse impact if it does not meet the "80%
Fourfifths Rule." Here, the hiring rate for minorities is divided by the figure for
nonminorities. If the quotient is less than 80% (4/5s), then adverse impact is evident. Thus, a
NCE NATIONAL COUNSELLING ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS NEW MODIFIED STUDY GUIDE
EXAM
The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches
clients with a job) is associated with
a. Parsons and Williamson.
b. Roe and Brill.
c. Holland and Super.
d. Tiedeman and O'Hara. -- ANSWER--a. Parsons and Williamson.
the theory assumes that an individual's traits can be measured so accurately that the choice of
an occupation is a one-time process.
Choice "b" mentions Roe and Brill who espoused personality theories of career choice. In
choice "c," Holland suggested that a person's personality needs to be congruent with the work
environment, while Super emphasized career development rather than career choice. As for
choice "d," Tiedeman and O'Hara support a decision-making theory.
Edmund Griffith Williamson, the chief spokesperson for the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint,
which expanded upon Parsons's model to create a theory of counseling which transcended
vocational issues.
,Page 2 of 194
The trait-and-factor or actuarial approach asserts that
a. job selection is a long-term development process.
b. testing is an important part of the counseling process.
c. a counselor can match the correct person with the appropriate job.
d. b and c. -- ANSWER--d. b and c.
Parsons suggests three steps to implement the trait-and-factor approach. (a) Knowledge of the
self and aptitudes and interests. (b) Knowledge of jobs, including the advantages and
disadvantages of them. (c) Matching the individual with the work.
In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written
by Frank Parsons. Parsons has been called
a. the Father of lifestyle.
b. the Father of modern counseling.
c. the Father of vocational guidance.
d. the fourth force in counseling. -- ANSWER--c. the Father of vocational guidance.
Which statement is not true of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?
a. The approach attempts to match the person's traits with the requirements of a job.
b. The approach usually relies on psychometric information.
c. The approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity.
,Page 3 of 194
d. The approach is associated with the work of Parsons and Williamson -- ANSWER--c. The
approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity.
Developmental approaches delineate stages or specify vocational choice in terms of a process
which can change throughout the life span.
516. Edmund Griffith Williamson's work (or the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint) purports to
be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the
a. Rorschach and the TAT.
b. Binet and the Wechsler.
c. BDI and the MMPI.
d. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales. -- ANSWER--d. Minnesota Occupational Rating
Scales.
517. The trait-and-factor approach fails to take _______ into account.
a. individual change throughout the life span.
b. relevant psychometric data.
c. personality.
d. job requirements. -- ANSWER--a. individual change throughout the life span.
When professional career counselors use the term leisure they technically mean
a. the client is having fun at work or away from work.
, Page 4 of 194
b. the client is relaxing at work or away from work.
c. the client is working at less than 100% capacity at work or away from work.
d. the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations. --
ANSWER--d. the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for
obligations.
In terms of leisure time and dual-career families
a. dual-career families have more leisure time.
b. dual-career families have the same amount of leisure time as families with one wage
earner.
c. dual-career families have less leisure time.
d. dual-career families have more weekend leisure time. -- ANSWER--c. dual-career families
have less leisure time.
A client who says, "I feel I cannot really become an administrator in our agency because I am
a woman," is showing an example of
a. gender bias.
b. counselor bias.
c. the trait-and-factor theory.
d. developmental theory and career choice. -- ANSWER--a. gender bias.
A test or selection process is said to have adverse impact if it does not meet the "80%
Fourfifths Rule." Here, the hiring rate for minorities is divided by the figure for
nonminorities. If the quotient is less than 80% (4/5s), then adverse impact is evident. Thus, a
