Biology Final Exam Review Questions and
Answers
abiotic - -non-living
-autotroph - -An organism that makes its own food.
-asexual reproduction - -a reproductive process that involves only one parent and
produces offspring that are identical to the parent
-biotic - -living
-biosphere - -Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists,
including land, water, and the atmosphere.
-cell specialization - -Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to
perform different tasks.
-cell differentation - -Process by which cells become different types of cells
-carbon cycle - -Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from the
environment to organisms and then back to the environment.
-cell differentiation - -the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific
structure or function
-chemical bond - -the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together where the energy
in a compound is stored
-chromosome pair - -identical copies of a single chromosome
copy of mom chromosome 1 next to mom chromosome 1
-consumer - -an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
-deletion - -the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
-detritivore - -An organism (like the earthworm) that feeds on decaying matter after it has
been broken down by decomposers.
-DNA - -deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an
organism that is passed from parent to offspring AND is used by an individual as the recipe
for making proteins
, -DNA sequence - -The sequence, or order, in which the nitrogenous bases adenine (A),
cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are arranged in a gene or a DNA fragment, or in
an organism's genome.
-double helix - -two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA
-ecosystem stability - -the total number of species is fairly consistant from year to year---
the same species were present each year--- the population size of each species was
approximately the same from year to year
-endangered species - -A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of
extinction
-exponential growth - -growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce
at a constant rate
-food web - -a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
-gene - -sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
-genetic diversity - -the amount of variation in the genetic material within all members of
a popualtion
-genetic variation - -The variety of different types of genes in a species or population.
-genotype - -an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
-greenhouse effect - -natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by
carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
-heterozygous - -having two different alleles for a trait
-heterotroph - -An organism that cannot make its own food and thus eats other organisms
-homeostasis - -Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal
environment.
-insertion - -A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
-inversion - -(genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a
chromosome is reversed
-logistic growth - -growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops
following a period of exponential growth
Answers
abiotic - -non-living
-autotroph - -An organism that makes its own food.
-asexual reproduction - -a reproductive process that involves only one parent and
produces offspring that are identical to the parent
-biotic - -living
-biosphere - -Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists,
including land, water, and the atmosphere.
-cell specialization - -Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to
perform different tasks.
-cell differentation - -Process by which cells become different types of cells
-carbon cycle - -Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from the
environment to organisms and then back to the environment.
-cell differentiation - -the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific
structure or function
-chemical bond - -the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together where the energy
in a compound is stored
-chromosome pair - -identical copies of a single chromosome
copy of mom chromosome 1 next to mom chromosome 1
-consumer - -an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
-deletion - -the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
-detritivore - -An organism (like the earthworm) that feeds on decaying matter after it has
been broken down by decomposers.
-DNA - -deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an
organism that is passed from parent to offspring AND is used by an individual as the recipe
for making proteins
, -DNA sequence - -The sequence, or order, in which the nitrogenous bases adenine (A),
cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are arranged in a gene or a DNA fragment, or in
an organism's genome.
-double helix - -two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA
-ecosystem stability - -the total number of species is fairly consistant from year to year---
the same species were present each year--- the population size of each species was
approximately the same from year to year
-endangered species - -A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of
extinction
-exponential growth - -growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce
at a constant rate
-food web - -a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
-gene - -sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
-genetic diversity - -the amount of variation in the genetic material within all members of
a popualtion
-genetic variation - -The variety of different types of genes in a species or population.
-genotype - -an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
-greenhouse effect - -natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by
carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
-heterozygous - -having two different alleles for a trait
-heterotroph - -An organism that cannot make its own food and thus eats other organisms
-homeostasis - -Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal
environment.
-insertion - -A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
-inversion - -(genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a
chromosome is reversed
-logistic growth - -growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops
following a period of exponential growth
