Biology Exam #1: Chapter 1, 2 and 3 Exam
Questions and Answers
1. Several examples of features that all living organisms have in common - -All living
organisms are:
1. Composed of cells
2. Capable of reproduction
3. Product of evolution- and continue to evolve
4. Contain hereditary info
5. Acquire and use energy
-2. What is meant by the term "theory" when used in scientific context? - -Theory is an
explanation for a very general class of phenomena or observations that are supported by a
wide body of evidence
-3. Cell theory and its 2 main components? - -Cell theory: the composition of life
1. all organsims are made of cells
2. all cells come from preexisting cells
-4. Louis Pasteurs Experiment
- what question did he set out to answer?
- What were key elements of his experimental set up?
- What did he find? - -Louis pasteur questioned: Can cells arise spontaneously?
Hypotheses: 1. All cells arise from other cells
2. Cells arise spontaneously
His experiment: he had 2 groups:
Group 1: open glass flask(straight neck), filled with broth, sterilized. With open flask, there
were pre existing cells. The cells were allowed to float out, and it allowed for more cells to
come in due to the preexisting cells.
Group 2: closed glass flask (swan neck), filled with broth, sterilized. Becuase it was closed,
previous cells got trapped at the tip of flask, and no new cells entered the broth proving
that cells can only come from preexisting cells.
- He found that new cells form from preexisting cells, like in group 1 in open flask, and that
they do not arise spontaneously.
-5. Galapagos Finch population as a case study for evolution
- How did an environmental change (drought) change the population dynamics of the finch
population on the Galapagos Islands?
-Use the terms to define your explanation:
>Adapatation-
>Fitness-
>Natural selection- - ->Adapatation- trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a
particular environment
>Fitness- Individuals ability to reproduce viable offspring
, >Natural selection- A process of the differential survival and reproduction of individuals
due to differences in heritable traits (able to reproduce viable offspring).
-Galapagos finches evolved over time and adapted to the weather changes and geological
changes on the Galapagos islands.
- Not all the Galapagos finches look the same, specifically their beaks
- Because of location and weather on the island, their beaks evolved to survive in certain
circumstances, such as the drought.
Nataural selection changed the beak size
- When the 1977 drought occured, the birds had to compete for food. Birds with larger
beaks were more likey to survive because they could reach unreachable food items, and the
smaller/ medium beaked birds died.
- The birds with the larger beaks adapated to the island and the scarce food situtation
better than the smaller beaked brids
-The larger beaked birds had more fitness and produced more offspring during that time.
-With increased rainfall, soft small seeds were more available so finches with small beaks
were more able to get food and have more offspring, showing how beak types evolved and
how adaptaion allowed certain individuals of population to thrive.
-6. Key differences between:
-Prokaryote
-Eukaryote - -Prokaryote: cells do not have membrane bound organelles specificially
nucleus and are unicellular and multicellular
Eukaryote: cells with organized cytoskeleton with membrane bound organelles such as the
nucleus.
-7. Classification of Biological organisms:
Linnaean classification system:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - -They are all hierarchal and nested:
Taxonomy- is the effort to name and classify organisms
-Helps to clarify confusion of species with scientific name around the world
- 1735 carl linnaeus established classification system
- Species= most specific (one)
- Domain= least specific (many)
Do- Domain
Ketamine- Kingom
Pleasure- Phylum
Could- Class
Open- Order
Questions and Answers
1. Several examples of features that all living organisms have in common - -All living
organisms are:
1. Composed of cells
2. Capable of reproduction
3. Product of evolution- and continue to evolve
4. Contain hereditary info
5. Acquire and use energy
-2. What is meant by the term "theory" when used in scientific context? - -Theory is an
explanation for a very general class of phenomena or observations that are supported by a
wide body of evidence
-3. Cell theory and its 2 main components? - -Cell theory: the composition of life
1. all organsims are made of cells
2. all cells come from preexisting cells
-4. Louis Pasteurs Experiment
- what question did he set out to answer?
- What were key elements of his experimental set up?
- What did he find? - -Louis pasteur questioned: Can cells arise spontaneously?
Hypotheses: 1. All cells arise from other cells
2. Cells arise spontaneously
His experiment: he had 2 groups:
Group 1: open glass flask(straight neck), filled with broth, sterilized. With open flask, there
were pre existing cells. The cells were allowed to float out, and it allowed for more cells to
come in due to the preexisting cells.
Group 2: closed glass flask (swan neck), filled with broth, sterilized. Becuase it was closed,
previous cells got trapped at the tip of flask, and no new cells entered the broth proving
that cells can only come from preexisting cells.
- He found that new cells form from preexisting cells, like in group 1 in open flask, and that
they do not arise spontaneously.
-5. Galapagos Finch population as a case study for evolution
- How did an environmental change (drought) change the population dynamics of the finch
population on the Galapagos Islands?
-Use the terms to define your explanation:
>Adapatation-
>Fitness-
>Natural selection- - ->Adapatation- trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a
particular environment
>Fitness- Individuals ability to reproduce viable offspring
, >Natural selection- A process of the differential survival and reproduction of individuals
due to differences in heritable traits (able to reproduce viable offspring).
-Galapagos finches evolved over time and adapted to the weather changes and geological
changes on the Galapagos islands.
- Not all the Galapagos finches look the same, specifically their beaks
- Because of location and weather on the island, their beaks evolved to survive in certain
circumstances, such as the drought.
Nataural selection changed the beak size
- When the 1977 drought occured, the birds had to compete for food. Birds with larger
beaks were more likey to survive because they could reach unreachable food items, and the
smaller/ medium beaked birds died.
- The birds with the larger beaks adapated to the island and the scarce food situtation
better than the smaller beaked brids
-The larger beaked birds had more fitness and produced more offspring during that time.
-With increased rainfall, soft small seeds were more available so finches with small beaks
were more able to get food and have more offspring, showing how beak types evolved and
how adaptaion allowed certain individuals of population to thrive.
-6. Key differences between:
-Prokaryote
-Eukaryote - -Prokaryote: cells do not have membrane bound organelles specificially
nucleus and are unicellular and multicellular
Eukaryote: cells with organized cytoskeleton with membrane bound organelles such as the
nucleus.
-7. Classification of Biological organisms:
Linnaean classification system:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - -They are all hierarchal and nested:
Taxonomy- is the effort to name and classify organisms
-Helps to clarify confusion of species with scientific name around the world
- 1735 carl linnaeus established classification system
- Species= most specific (one)
- Domain= least specific (many)
Do- Domain
Ketamine- Kingom
Pleasure- Phylum
Could- Class
Open- Order
