Biology 101 First Exam chapters 1-3 |120
Questions and Answers
What are characteristics of living things - -1. Living things contain nucleic acids,proteins,
carbohydrates, and lipids.
2. Living things are composed of cells
3. Living things grow and reproduce
4. Living things use energy and raw materials
5. Living things respond to their environment
6. Living things maintain homeostasis
7. Populations of living things adapt and have adapt traits
-Metabolism - -refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the cells of living things.
Metabolic activities extract energy from various nutrients and transform it to do different
types of work.
-Homeostasis - -the relatively constant and self correcting internal environment of a living
organism. Homeostasis keeps body temperature within its limits for survival.
-Adaptive traits - -traits that help it survive and reproduce in its natural habitat
-Population - -individuals in the same species living in distinct geographic area
example: four-eyed butterfly fish living in a coral reef
-Community - -all living species that can potentially interact in a particular geographic
area
example: all species living in a coral reef
-Ecosystem - -all the living organisms in a community along with their physical
environment
-Biosphere - -The part of the earth that supports life. The layer of the earth where life
lives.
Example: If the earth were a basketball the biosphere would be the orange paint
-Science - -A systematic approach to answering those questions, a way of acquiring
knowledge through carefully documented investigation and experimentation- the scientific
method
-The Scientific method - -1. Make careful observations, and ask a question about the
observation
, 2. Develop a testable hypothesis as a possible answer to your question
3. Make a prediction based on your hypothesis, and test it with a controlled experiment
4. Draw a conclusion based on the result of the experiment
5. Make new predictions and test them.
-Controlled Experiment - -An experiment where the subjects being tested are split into
two groups; the control group and the experimental group
-Variable - -whose effect the experiment is designed to reveal
-Statistical Significance - -The measure of the possibility that the results were due to
chance. Probability less than 5% that the results are due to chance is generally acceptable.
The lower the number the more confidence that the results are accurate.
-Theory - -A well supported and wide-ranging explanation of some aspect of the physical
universe.
-Inductive Reasoning - -Facts are accumulated through observation until the sheer weight
of the evidence allows some logical general statement to be made. Inductive reasoning is
used to develop a testable hypothesis.
-Deductive Reasoning - -Begins with a general statement that leads logically to one or
more deductions, or conclusions. Referred to as the " If-then" series of associations. Helps
to decide whether the results of the experiment supported or refuted the hypothesis.
-placebo - -A fake treatment given to the control group to control participant expectancy
-informed consent - -A written agreement to participate in a study made by an adult who
has been informed of all the risks that participation may entail.
-Atoms - -units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means. Atoms are composed of even smaller subatomic molecules such as
protons, neutrons and electrons. The subatomic particles are characterized by their
location in the atom, electrical charge, and mass.
-Matter - -Anything that takes up space and has mass
-Element - -A pure form of matter containing only one kind of atom.
-Isotopes - -Atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of
neutrons.
-Radioisotopes - -Unstable radiation emitting isotopes
-Compound - -Two or more elements combine to form a new chemical substance
Questions and Answers
What are characteristics of living things - -1. Living things contain nucleic acids,proteins,
carbohydrates, and lipids.
2. Living things are composed of cells
3. Living things grow and reproduce
4. Living things use energy and raw materials
5. Living things respond to their environment
6. Living things maintain homeostasis
7. Populations of living things adapt and have adapt traits
-Metabolism - -refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the cells of living things.
Metabolic activities extract energy from various nutrients and transform it to do different
types of work.
-Homeostasis - -the relatively constant and self correcting internal environment of a living
organism. Homeostasis keeps body temperature within its limits for survival.
-Adaptive traits - -traits that help it survive and reproduce in its natural habitat
-Population - -individuals in the same species living in distinct geographic area
example: four-eyed butterfly fish living in a coral reef
-Community - -all living species that can potentially interact in a particular geographic
area
example: all species living in a coral reef
-Ecosystem - -all the living organisms in a community along with their physical
environment
-Biosphere - -The part of the earth that supports life. The layer of the earth where life
lives.
Example: If the earth were a basketball the biosphere would be the orange paint
-Science - -A systematic approach to answering those questions, a way of acquiring
knowledge through carefully documented investigation and experimentation- the scientific
method
-The Scientific method - -1. Make careful observations, and ask a question about the
observation
, 2. Develop a testable hypothesis as a possible answer to your question
3. Make a prediction based on your hypothesis, and test it with a controlled experiment
4. Draw a conclusion based on the result of the experiment
5. Make new predictions and test them.
-Controlled Experiment - -An experiment where the subjects being tested are split into
two groups; the control group and the experimental group
-Variable - -whose effect the experiment is designed to reveal
-Statistical Significance - -The measure of the possibility that the results were due to
chance. Probability less than 5% that the results are due to chance is generally acceptable.
The lower the number the more confidence that the results are accurate.
-Theory - -A well supported and wide-ranging explanation of some aspect of the physical
universe.
-Inductive Reasoning - -Facts are accumulated through observation until the sheer weight
of the evidence allows some logical general statement to be made. Inductive reasoning is
used to develop a testable hypothesis.
-Deductive Reasoning - -Begins with a general statement that leads logically to one or
more deductions, or conclusions. Referred to as the " If-then" series of associations. Helps
to decide whether the results of the experiment supported or refuted the hypothesis.
-placebo - -A fake treatment given to the control group to control participant expectancy
-informed consent - -A written agreement to participate in a study made by an adult who
has been informed of all the risks that participation may entail.
-Atoms - -units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means. Atoms are composed of even smaller subatomic molecules such as
protons, neutrons and electrons. The subatomic particles are characterized by their
location in the atom, electrical charge, and mass.
-Matter - -Anything that takes up space and has mass
-Element - -A pure form of matter containing only one kind of atom.
-Isotopes - -Atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of
neutrons.
-Radioisotopes - -Unstable radiation emitting isotopes
-Compound - -Two or more elements combine to form a new chemical substance
