BIO 101 Exam 1 (Jeremy Chandler, UTK) |109 Q’s and A’s
chloroplast - -an organelle in plant and algae cells that is the site of photosynthesis
-lysosomes - -organelle filled with enzymes that can degrade worn-out cellular structures
-Gogli apparatus - -organelle that packages proteins and prepares them for transport
-endoplasmic reticulum - -network of membranes in eukaryotic cells where proteins and
lipids are synthesized
-mitochondria - -organelles responsible for energy-conversion reactions in eukaryotes
-nuclear envelope - -the double membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
-active transport - -process by which solutes are pumped from low to high concentrations
with the help of transport proteins
-transport proteins - -proteins involved in movement of molecules and ions across
membrane
-simple diffusion - -movement of small, uncharged solutes across a membrane from high
to low concentration (no energy required)
-peptidoglycan - -the macromolecule found in all bacterial cell walls that confers rigidity
-isotonic - -equal concentration outside cell as in cytoplasm
-hypertonic - -higher concentration of solutes outside cell than in cytoplasm (cells will
shrivel)
-hypotonic - -lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than in cytoplasm (cells will
swell)
-osmosis - -diffusion of water across a membrane from low to high concentration
-cell wall - -a rigid structure present in some cells that encloses the cell membrane and
helps the cell maintain its integrity
-nucleus - -the organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material
-ribosomes - -a complex of RNA and proteins that carries out protein synthesis in all cells
-cytoplasm - -the gelatinous, aqueous interior of all cells
, -cell membrane - -a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that forms the
boundary of all cells
-organelles - -the membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that carry out
specific functions
-eukaryotic - -Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
-prokaryotic - -cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles
-cell theory - -the concept that all living organisms are made of cells and that cells are
formed by the reproduction of existing cells
-prions - -a protein-only infectious agent
-virus - -an infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information
-bases - -a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
-acids - -a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
-pH - -the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution
-ions - -an electrically charged atom, the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons
-ionic bonds - -a strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by
the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another
-solution - -the mixture of solute and solvent
-solute - -a dissolved substance
-solvent - -a substance in which other substances can dissolve
-adhesion - -attraction between molecules and a surface
-cohesion - -the attraction between molecules
-hydrogen bonds - -a weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen
atom and an atom with a partial negative charge
-polar molecule - -A molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms,
causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other; for
example, water.
-hydrophilic - -"Water-loving"; hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water.
chloroplast - -an organelle in plant and algae cells that is the site of photosynthesis
-lysosomes - -organelle filled with enzymes that can degrade worn-out cellular structures
-Gogli apparatus - -organelle that packages proteins and prepares them for transport
-endoplasmic reticulum - -network of membranes in eukaryotic cells where proteins and
lipids are synthesized
-mitochondria - -organelles responsible for energy-conversion reactions in eukaryotes
-nuclear envelope - -the double membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
-active transport - -process by which solutes are pumped from low to high concentrations
with the help of transport proteins
-transport proteins - -proteins involved in movement of molecules and ions across
membrane
-simple diffusion - -movement of small, uncharged solutes across a membrane from high
to low concentration (no energy required)
-peptidoglycan - -the macromolecule found in all bacterial cell walls that confers rigidity
-isotonic - -equal concentration outside cell as in cytoplasm
-hypertonic - -higher concentration of solutes outside cell than in cytoplasm (cells will
shrivel)
-hypotonic - -lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than in cytoplasm (cells will
swell)
-osmosis - -diffusion of water across a membrane from low to high concentration
-cell wall - -a rigid structure present in some cells that encloses the cell membrane and
helps the cell maintain its integrity
-nucleus - -the organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material
-ribosomes - -a complex of RNA and proteins that carries out protein synthesis in all cells
-cytoplasm - -the gelatinous, aqueous interior of all cells
, -cell membrane - -a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that forms the
boundary of all cells
-organelles - -the membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that carry out
specific functions
-eukaryotic - -Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
-prokaryotic - -cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles
-cell theory - -the concept that all living organisms are made of cells and that cells are
formed by the reproduction of existing cells
-prions - -a protein-only infectious agent
-virus - -an infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information
-bases - -a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
-acids - -a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
-pH - -the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution
-ions - -an electrically charged atom, the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons
-ionic bonds - -a strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by
the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another
-solution - -the mixture of solute and solvent
-solute - -a dissolved substance
-solvent - -a substance in which other substances can dissolve
-adhesion - -attraction between molecules and a surface
-cohesion - -the attraction between molecules
-hydrogen bonds - -a weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen
atom and an atom with a partial negative charge
-polar molecule - -A molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms,
causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other; for
example, water.
-hydrophilic - -"Water-loving"; hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water.
