Biology 101 Exam 1 WVU |124 Questions with Solutions
Science - -An intellectual activity, encompassing observation, description, experimentation,
and explanation of natural phenomena
-Empirical Knowledge - -Thinking that relies on testable, rational and repeatable
observations
-Scientific Method - -1. Do background research
2. Make observations
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Devise a testable prediction
5. Conduct critical experiment/collect data
6. Draw conclusions/analyze results
7. Revise hypothesis if needed
-Hypothesis - -A proposed explanation for phenomenon
-Theory - -A hypothesis that is exceptionally well-supported by the data and withstood the
test time (broader in scope than hypothesis). When new data is found, theories can be
revised
-Experimental Design - -1. Sample size
2. Treatment/ Experimental group
3. Control group
4. Variable (Independent and Dependent)
5. Blind or double blind strategies
6. Randomization
7. Repeatable
-Treatment - -Any experimental condition applied to individuals
-Experimental Group - -A group of individuals who are exposed to a particular treatment
-Control Group - -A group of individuals who are treated identically to the experimental
group with the one exception: they are not exposed to the treatment
-Dependent Variable - -Characteristics of you experimental system that are subject to
change. What you are measuring/the data you collect
-Independent Variable - -The treatment that you are testing in the experiment
-Blind Strategy - -The experimental subjects do not know which treatment (if any) they
are receiving
, -Double Blind Strategy - -Neither the experimental subjects nor the experimenter knows
which treatment the subject is receiving
-Randomized - -The subjects are randomly assigned into the experimental and control
group
-Placebo Effect - -Phenomenon in which people resound favorable to any treatment
-Negative Control Group - -Compare the treatment to an untreated sample (placebo)
-Positive Control Group - -Compare the treatment to a known/expected outcome
-Can an experiment have a negative and positive control group? - -Yes
-Statistics - -A set of analytical data and mathematical tools to help researchers gain
understanding from the data they gather. Also identifies relationships between variables
-Error Bars - -They show the variation in the data
-Discovery Based Science EX.
Human Genome Project - -Scientists determined the DNA sequences in a human being and
put them in a database for the whole world to use
-Hypothesis Based Science EX.
Study of Poison Ivy - -Scientists suspect that climate change will change plant activities.
They test poison ivy under different conditions and discover that at higher CO2 levels,
poison ivy produces higher levels of toxins. They publish the results
-Limits of Scientific Method - -Value judgements and subjective information fall outside
the realm of science. Cannot generate moral statements and cannot give us insight into
ethical problems
-Ecology - -The study of the interactions between organisms and their environments.
-Individuals - -Individual organisms
-Populations - -Groups of same species that live in a specific habitat
-Communities - -Populations of different species that interact with each other within a
locale
-Ecosystems - -All living organisms, as well as non-living elements
-True or False:
Populations can grow quickly for a while but not forever - -True
Science - -An intellectual activity, encompassing observation, description, experimentation,
and explanation of natural phenomena
-Empirical Knowledge - -Thinking that relies on testable, rational and repeatable
observations
-Scientific Method - -1. Do background research
2. Make observations
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Devise a testable prediction
5. Conduct critical experiment/collect data
6. Draw conclusions/analyze results
7. Revise hypothesis if needed
-Hypothesis - -A proposed explanation for phenomenon
-Theory - -A hypothesis that is exceptionally well-supported by the data and withstood the
test time (broader in scope than hypothesis). When new data is found, theories can be
revised
-Experimental Design - -1. Sample size
2. Treatment/ Experimental group
3. Control group
4. Variable (Independent and Dependent)
5. Blind or double blind strategies
6. Randomization
7. Repeatable
-Treatment - -Any experimental condition applied to individuals
-Experimental Group - -A group of individuals who are exposed to a particular treatment
-Control Group - -A group of individuals who are treated identically to the experimental
group with the one exception: they are not exposed to the treatment
-Dependent Variable - -Characteristics of you experimental system that are subject to
change. What you are measuring/the data you collect
-Independent Variable - -The treatment that you are testing in the experiment
-Blind Strategy - -The experimental subjects do not know which treatment (if any) they
are receiving
, -Double Blind Strategy - -Neither the experimental subjects nor the experimenter knows
which treatment the subject is receiving
-Randomized - -The subjects are randomly assigned into the experimental and control
group
-Placebo Effect - -Phenomenon in which people resound favorable to any treatment
-Negative Control Group - -Compare the treatment to an untreated sample (placebo)
-Positive Control Group - -Compare the treatment to a known/expected outcome
-Can an experiment have a negative and positive control group? - -Yes
-Statistics - -A set of analytical data and mathematical tools to help researchers gain
understanding from the data they gather. Also identifies relationships between variables
-Error Bars - -They show the variation in the data
-Discovery Based Science EX.
Human Genome Project - -Scientists determined the DNA sequences in a human being and
put them in a database for the whole world to use
-Hypothesis Based Science EX.
Study of Poison Ivy - -Scientists suspect that climate change will change plant activities.
They test poison ivy under different conditions and discover that at higher CO2 levels,
poison ivy produces higher levels of toxins. They publish the results
-Limits of Scientific Method - -Value judgements and subjective information fall outside
the realm of science. Cannot generate moral statements and cannot give us insight into
ethical problems
-Ecology - -The study of the interactions between organisms and their environments.
-Individuals - -Individual organisms
-Populations - -Groups of same species that live in a specific habitat
-Communities - -Populations of different species that interact with each other within a
locale
-Ecosystems - -All living organisms, as well as non-living elements
-True or False:
Populations can grow quickly for a while but not forever - -True
