Biology Exam Study Guide |102 Questions and Answers
Biosphere - -All parts of the planet with living things
-Cell - -Basic unit of life
-Cell Specialization - -the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform
different tasks
-Eukaryotes - -organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
-homeostasis - -the maintenance of stable internal conditions
-Levels of Structural Organization - -Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
-Populations - -groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same
area
-Prokaryotes - -single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus
-Species - -group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
-Themes of Biology - -energy/ system and interactions/structure and function / unity with
diversity/ evalution/ homeostasis/ cooperation
-Controlled Experiments - -an experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a
time.
-Data - -information gathered from observations
-Hypothesis - -possible explanation for a set of observations or a suggested answer to a
scientific question
-Conclusion - -Restates hypothesis, says if it was correct, why/why not, and what you
would have done differently
-Inference - -logical conclusion
-Theory - -well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
-Variables - -factors that can change in an experiment
, -Atomic Mass - -total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic
mass units
-Atomic Number - -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
-Chemical Reactions - -breaking of old and formation of new chemical bonds that result in
new substances
-Compounds - -combination of 2 or more elements
-Ions - -electrically charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
-Isotopes - -atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
-Nonpolar molecules - -A molecule that has an equal distribution of electrical charge
across all its constituent atoms.
-pH - -measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
-Polar molecules - -molecules in which the charges are unevenly distributed; they can
attract each other
-Products - -the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
-Radioactive Isotopes - -Atoms that are unstable, meaning they decay, or break down, to
form stable atoms of a different element
-Reactants - -the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
-Solute - -the dissolved substance in a solution
-Solution - -a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another
-Solvent - -a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
-Subatomic particles and their characteristics - -proton (+), neutron (o), electron (-)
-Types of Chemical Bonds - -hydrogen, covalent, ionic
-Amino Acids - -Simple forms of protein normally used to build tissues or, under some
conditions, burned for energy
-Carbohydrates - -main source of energy for the body
-Catalyst - -substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Biosphere - -All parts of the planet with living things
-Cell - -Basic unit of life
-Cell Specialization - -the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform
different tasks
-Eukaryotes - -organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
-homeostasis - -the maintenance of stable internal conditions
-Levels of Structural Organization - -Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
-Populations - -groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same
area
-Prokaryotes - -single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus
-Species - -group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
-Themes of Biology - -energy/ system and interactions/structure and function / unity with
diversity/ evalution/ homeostasis/ cooperation
-Controlled Experiments - -an experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a
time.
-Data - -information gathered from observations
-Hypothesis - -possible explanation for a set of observations or a suggested answer to a
scientific question
-Conclusion - -Restates hypothesis, says if it was correct, why/why not, and what you
would have done differently
-Inference - -logical conclusion
-Theory - -well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
-Variables - -factors that can change in an experiment
, -Atomic Mass - -total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic
mass units
-Atomic Number - -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
-Chemical Reactions - -breaking of old and formation of new chemical bonds that result in
new substances
-Compounds - -combination of 2 or more elements
-Ions - -electrically charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
-Isotopes - -atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
-Nonpolar molecules - -A molecule that has an equal distribution of electrical charge
across all its constituent atoms.
-pH - -measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
-Polar molecules - -molecules in which the charges are unevenly distributed; they can
attract each other
-Products - -the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
-Radioactive Isotopes - -Atoms that are unstable, meaning they decay, or break down, to
form stable atoms of a different element
-Reactants - -the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
-Solute - -the dissolved substance in a solution
-Solution - -a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another
-Solvent - -a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
-Subatomic particles and their characteristics - -proton (+), neutron (o), electron (-)
-Types of Chemical Bonds - -hydrogen, covalent, ionic
-Amino Acids - -Simple forms of protein normally used to build tissues or, under some
conditions, burned for energy
-Carbohydrates - -main source of energy for the body
-Catalyst - -substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
