↓
3 1 Tolerance Limits B
Topic maintaining internal environment
.
Homeostasis Stimulus
response model
maintenance of a
relatively constant condition Stimulus-variable in environment
men
within
organism despite external
changes
that is detected by organism
·
ar a
Importance Receptor -
cells or tissues ,
detect
enzyme function impulses
↳ optimal conditions for a
change , generate nerve
↳ optimal conditions for cellular respiration transmission -
rely of information
>
↳
keep toxins a t low concentration by nerves o r hormones Sensory Receptors
Detect both abiotic and biotic factors within the environment
Human tolerance limits Effector-grand muscle
brings
or
,
(37 c) sight
°
↳
body temperature information > Touch -
hearing > > Smell > Taste
- - - ->
response from
↓ ↳ Y
I Y nasal
↳) Blood glucose (6 6 mmol/L) .
Response -
Action that occurs due to s k i n muscles hairs in e a r Photoreceptors epthelium Tastes
↳ water availability
Cosmotic balence) the initia , stimulus consists of specialised sensory cells >
-
They convert location
,
Intensity ,
and duration of stimulus that is relayed to the CNS
↳
) Blood Pressure
(120mmHg/Sommig) Feedback -
Impact of
response of the
↳ pH of blood (7 4)
.
initial Stimulus
Negative Feedback
↳ carbon dioxide concentration
Thermoregulation -
body
Temperature reverse fluctuation & Prevent
large changes
and
↳
) mineral concentration On
moregulation-water solute content positive feedback
To l e r a n c e limit-max min amounts of a Glucoregulation - Blood
glucose Amplify a
response (more will be done of the same
thing
abiotic factor can be tolerated Chemoregulation -
pH 3
breathing
difference between min B
range further
--Five
Tolerance -
max excess
rigtretenB
Feedback
distribution
excessCorrecteem
Higher range I wider
plant tolerance limits
/ LegaPoint
#
Positive
↳ mineral composition of soil
feedback
Childbirth)
einceres) on a /
S negativa
#
↳
Light availability deficience >
-
correctiveism
# it stimulates -
-
positive Feedback
~
↳
) carbon dioxide concentration
posterior in
further deficiency
↳ Temperature B pH wind
Body Temperature Tissue fluid Blood glucose Carbon dioxide
Below-Enzyme Catalyzed cells/tissues shrink Respiration rate becomes too Respiratory alkalosis due
-
-
-
reactions a re too slow solutes too concentrated low to maintain life (hypoglycemia) to increase in pl of blood
Above denature and cells/tissues S we l l B more enters the wrine Breathing to
Enzymes glucose more
Increases remove
- - -
-
,
diffuse (Acidosis due pl
slows reactions burst ,
solute con t too low water
(hyperglycaemia Coz to lower
Range
-
36c38 -
osmotic balance -
5 6 mmol
.
. I
Transport - movement of materials (dissolved in water) Sexual
reproduction -
Male
,
female gametes in fertilisation
metabolism-reactions in the cytoplasm Support -
structural integrity of the cell
Thermoregulation - maintain constant
body temperature
movement-muscle movement due to pressure changes
, ery
New
Topic 3 2 Nervous
.
system
u
Nervous
system
contain 2 distinct components
ne
CNS-store ,
arrange , I manage info
PNS -
Transmission of info
↳ somatic
voluntary action
-
↳ Autonomic action
involuntary
-
Neurons
Inter Motor
i
Dendrites -
receive sensory imprises from the
·
transmit info to
sensory receptors B cell
body
cell
body Contain nucleus and
organelles
-
Axon-long extension of newon to transmit into
to another cen or effector
Myelin Sheath-insulating around
layer axon
CNS
sensory ner ron -
receptor to
↳ Detect in environment (stimuvs)
change
Interneuron -
Sensory to motor
Motor neuron -
CNS to effector
Pituitary
releases hormones which have a direct
↳
effect or cause other
glands to release
a
specific hormone
· & shaptic
in
residefusa
ne Reabsorbea
Contents
Released
3 1 Tolerance Limits B
Topic maintaining internal environment
.
Homeostasis Stimulus
response model
maintenance of a
relatively constant condition Stimulus-variable in environment
men
within
organism despite external
changes
that is detected by organism
·
ar a
Importance Receptor -
cells or tissues ,
detect
enzyme function impulses
↳ optimal conditions for a
change , generate nerve
↳ optimal conditions for cellular respiration transmission -
rely of information
>
↳
keep toxins a t low concentration by nerves o r hormones Sensory Receptors
Detect both abiotic and biotic factors within the environment
Human tolerance limits Effector-grand muscle
brings
or
,
(37 c) sight
°
↳
body temperature information > Touch -
hearing > > Smell > Taste
- - - ->
response from
↓ ↳ Y
I Y nasal
↳) Blood glucose (6 6 mmol/L) .
Response -
Action that occurs due to s k i n muscles hairs in e a r Photoreceptors epthelium Tastes
↳ water availability
Cosmotic balence) the initia , stimulus consists of specialised sensory cells >
-
They convert location
,
Intensity ,
and duration of stimulus that is relayed to the CNS
↳
) Blood Pressure
(120mmHg/Sommig) Feedback -
Impact of
response of the
↳ pH of blood (7 4)
.
initial Stimulus
Negative Feedback
↳ carbon dioxide concentration
Thermoregulation -
body
Temperature reverse fluctuation & Prevent
large changes
and
↳
) mineral concentration On
moregulation-water solute content positive feedback
To l e r a n c e limit-max min amounts of a Glucoregulation - Blood
glucose Amplify a
response (more will be done of the same
thing
abiotic factor can be tolerated Chemoregulation -
pH 3
breathing
difference between min B
range further
--Five
Tolerance -
max excess
rigtretenB
Feedback
distribution
excessCorrecteem
Higher range I wider
plant tolerance limits
/ LegaPoint
#
Positive
↳ mineral composition of soil
feedback
Childbirth)
einceres) on a /
S negativa
#
↳
Light availability deficience >
-
correctiveism
# it stimulates -
-
positive Feedback
~
↳
) carbon dioxide concentration
posterior in
further deficiency
↳ Temperature B pH wind
Body Temperature Tissue fluid Blood glucose Carbon dioxide
Below-Enzyme Catalyzed cells/tissues shrink Respiration rate becomes too Respiratory alkalosis due
-
-
-
reactions a re too slow solutes too concentrated low to maintain life (hypoglycemia) to increase in pl of blood
Above denature and cells/tissues S we l l B more enters the wrine Breathing to
Enzymes glucose more
Increases remove
- - -
-
,
diffuse (Acidosis due pl
slows reactions burst ,
solute con t too low water
(hyperglycaemia Coz to lower
Range
-
36c38 -
osmotic balance -
5 6 mmol
.
. I
Transport - movement of materials (dissolved in water) Sexual
reproduction -
Male
,
female gametes in fertilisation
metabolism-reactions in the cytoplasm Support -
structural integrity of the cell
Thermoregulation - maintain constant
body temperature
movement-muscle movement due to pressure changes
, ery
New
Topic 3 2 Nervous
.
system
u
Nervous
system
contain 2 distinct components
ne
CNS-store ,
arrange , I manage info
PNS -
Transmission of info
↳ somatic
voluntary action
-
↳ Autonomic action
involuntary
-
Neurons
Inter Motor
i
Dendrites -
receive sensory imprises from the
·
transmit info to
sensory receptors B cell
body
cell
body Contain nucleus and
organelles
-
Axon-long extension of newon to transmit into
to another cen or effector
Myelin Sheath-insulating around
layer axon
CNS
sensory ner ron -
receptor to
↳ Detect in environment (stimuvs)
change
Interneuron -
Sensory to motor
Motor neuron -
CNS to effector
Pituitary
releases hormones which have a direct
↳
effect or cause other
glands to release
a
specific hormone
· & shaptic
in
residefusa
ne Reabsorbea
Contents
Released
