Adv. Patho 8022 exam 3
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of
the following fluid compartments? - answer Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is considered
the total volume of body water? - answer42 L
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have: - answer decreased muscle
mass.
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for decreased oncotic pressure
in the capillaries? A patient with: - answer liver failure.
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by – answer
osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement.
Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?
– answer Increased interstitial oncotic pressure.
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of
water balance is closely related to the balance of - answersodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition? - answerIncreased capillary
hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of
edema is referred to as - answerlocalized edema.
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information
should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: - answerincreased plasma
osmolality.
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: - answerincreased blood volume.
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex.
Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? - answerDecreased
blood K+ levels
,A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: - answersodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing
him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The
nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected? - answerIntracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with: - answerdehydration
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia? -
answerAcute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits? - answerKidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness
and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of
the following could be the cause of her condition? - answerLaxative abuse
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition? - answerAcidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect to observe? - answerOliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? -
answerCarbonic acid/bicarbonate
A nurse recalls that regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of
volatile acids is accomplished by the: - answerlungs
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: - answerexcessive
loss of chloride (Cl).
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with: - answerrenal failure.
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
answerhyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - answerPneumonia
, A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased
CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: -
answerrespiratory acidosis.
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include: -
answerkidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis? - answerRespiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
A 2-year-old male presented with growth and maturation retardation and splenomegaly.
He died shortly after arriving at the ER. Autopsy revealed thalassemia secondary to
defective: - answerhemoglobin synthesis.
A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoiesis.
The most likely cause is - answeran iron deficiency.
A 12-month-old toddler weighing 18 pounds is brought to the clinic because of
weakness, slow physical growth, and developmental delays. His mother reports that the
only food he will consume is cow's milk. The symptoms support a diagnosis of which
form of anemia? - answerIron deficiency
A 16-month-old female presents with tachycardia, pallor, anorexia, and systolic murmur.
The nurse is checking the lab results, and the hemoglobin determination indicates a
level below _____ grams per deciliter. - answer5
Which mother-fetus combination is at most risk for a maternal-fetal blood
incompatibility? - answerMother is Rh-negative, and fetus is Rh-positive
Which of the following amino acids is present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb? -
answerValine
In the United States, which group of people should be assessed first for sickle cell
disease? - answerBlacks
A mother has a child that is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. While the mother does
not have the disease, which characteristic of her genetic makeup is responsible for the
child's disease? - answerHb S and Hb A
Sickled cells will be removed from circulation mostly by the: - answerspleen
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of
the following fluid compartments? - answer Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is considered
the total volume of body water? - answer42 L
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have: - answer decreased muscle
mass.
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for decreased oncotic pressure
in the capillaries? A patient with: - answer liver failure.
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by – answer
osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement.
Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?
– answer Increased interstitial oncotic pressure.
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of
water balance is closely related to the balance of - answersodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition? - answerIncreased capillary
hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of
edema is referred to as - answerlocalized edema.
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information
should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: - answerincreased plasma
osmolality.
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: - answerincreased blood volume.
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex.
Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? - answerDecreased
blood K+ levels
,A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: - answersodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing
him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The
nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected? - answerIntracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with: - answerdehydration
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia? -
answerAcute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits? - answerKidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness
and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of
the following could be the cause of her condition? - answerLaxative abuse
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition? - answerAcidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect to observe? - answerOliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? -
answerCarbonic acid/bicarbonate
A nurse recalls that regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of
volatile acids is accomplished by the: - answerlungs
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: - answerexcessive
loss of chloride (Cl).
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with: - answerrenal failure.
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
answerhyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - answerPneumonia
, A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased
CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: -
answerrespiratory acidosis.
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include: -
answerkidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis? - answerRespiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
A 2-year-old male presented with growth and maturation retardation and splenomegaly.
He died shortly after arriving at the ER. Autopsy revealed thalassemia secondary to
defective: - answerhemoglobin synthesis.
A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoiesis.
The most likely cause is - answeran iron deficiency.
A 12-month-old toddler weighing 18 pounds is brought to the clinic because of
weakness, slow physical growth, and developmental delays. His mother reports that the
only food he will consume is cow's milk. The symptoms support a diagnosis of which
form of anemia? - answerIron deficiency
A 16-month-old female presents with tachycardia, pallor, anorexia, and systolic murmur.
The nurse is checking the lab results, and the hemoglobin determination indicates a
level below _____ grams per deciliter. - answer5
Which mother-fetus combination is at most risk for a maternal-fetal blood
incompatibility? - answerMother is Rh-negative, and fetus is Rh-positive
Which of the following amino acids is present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb? -
answerValine
In the United States, which group of people should be assessed first for sickle cell
disease? - answerBlacks
A mother has a child that is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. While the mother does
not have the disease, which characteristic of her genetic makeup is responsible for the
child's disease? - answerHb S and Hb A
Sickled cells will be removed from circulation mostly by the: - answerspleen
