Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022
Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin
by the pancreas - answerNegative Feedback
Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet
cascade - answer Positive Feedback
________ provide selectivity to a membrane - answer Proteins
__________ are channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second messengers -
answer Integral proteins
_____ are Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediators - answer Peripheral proteins
____ is converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd and 3rd
phosphate groups have abundant energy - answerATP
______ occurs down a concentration gradient; from HIGH to LOW concentration. will
not occur if the membrane is non permeable to the molecule - answerSimple/passive
diffusion
●Complete cessation of respirations and circulation
●Algor mortis: Reduced temperature
●Livor mortis: Purple skin discoloration
●Rigor mortis: Muscle stiffening
●Postmortem autolysis: Putrefactive changes associated with the release of enzymes
and lytic dissolution - answerSomatic Death
1. Concentration difference (high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters
TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy) - answerFactors
that affect the net rate of diffusion (3)
_____ is the passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID) - answerOsmosis
Action in which molecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a concentration; DIRECT USE
OF ENERGY - answerPrimary Active Transport
, Action in which transport is driven by the energy STORED in the concentration gradient
of another molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY - answerSecondary Active
Transport
__________ is the carrier protein located on the plasma membrane of all cells; enzyme
that converts ATP to ADP to release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy - answerNa+- K+ ATPase (also known as the
sodium-potassium pump)
__________ maintains a low cytosolic Ca2+ concentration - answerCa2+ ATPase
__________ is found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion) and intercalated
cells of renal tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold - answerH+ ATPase
(3) Sodium is pumped out of the cell. (2) potassium is pumped in. This action is called
_______. - answerSodium Potassium Pump
Substance is transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion (Na+). This action is
called _______. - answerSecondary Active Transport; Co-transport
Substance is transported in the opposite direction as the driver ion Na+. This action is
called _______. - answerCounter transport
How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility? - answerIncrease intracellular
Ca2+
________ are determined by size, shape, distribution of charge - answerungated Ion
Channels
________ are determined by: Voltage dependent Na+ channels) & Chemically (e.g.
Nicotinic AcH receptor channels) - answerGated Ion Channels
Conductance depends on probability that channel is open. These are called
__________. - answerIon Channels
__________ is the diffusion potential that exactly balances or opposes the tendency for
diffusion down the concentration difference. - answerEquilibrium Potential
If a membrane were permeable to only K+ then K+ would diffuse down its concentration
gradient until the electrical potential across the membrane countered diffusion. (moving
from inside the cell down its concentration gradient to the outside of the cell). -
answer(blank)
Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin
by the pancreas - answerNegative Feedback
Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet
cascade - answer Positive Feedback
________ provide selectivity to a membrane - answer Proteins
__________ are channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second messengers -
answer Integral proteins
_____ are Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediators - answer Peripheral proteins
____ is converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd and 3rd
phosphate groups have abundant energy - answerATP
______ occurs down a concentration gradient; from HIGH to LOW concentration. will
not occur if the membrane is non permeable to the molecule - answerSimple/passive
diffusion
●Complete cessation of respirations and circulation
●Algor mortis: Reduced temperature
●Livor mortis: Purple skin discoloration
●Rigor mortis: Muscle stiffening
●Postmortem autolysis: Putrefactive changes associated with the release of enzymes
and lytic dissolution - answerSomatic Death
1. Concentration difference (high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters
TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy) - answerFactors
that affect the net rate of diffusion (3)
_____ is the passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID) - answerOsmosis
Action in which molecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a concentration; DIRECT USE
OF ENERGY - answerPrimary Active Transport
, Action in which transport is driven by the energy STORED in the concentration gradient
of another molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY - answerSecondary Active
Transport
__________ is the carrier protein located on the plasma membrane of all cells; enzyme
that converts ATP to ADP to release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy - answerNa+- K+ ATPase (also known as the
sodium-potassium pump)
__________ maintains a low cytosolic Ca2+ concentration - answerCa2+ ATPase
__________ is found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion) and intercalated
cells of renal tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold - answerH+ ATPase
(3) Sodium is pumped out of the cell. (2) potassium is pumped in. This action is called
_______. - answerSodium Potassium Pump
Substance is transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion (Na+). This action is
called _______. - answerSecondary Active Transport; Co-transport
Substance is transported in the opposite direction as the driver ion Na+. This action is
called _______. - answerCounter transport
How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility? - answerIncrease intracellular
Ca2+
________ are determined by size, shape, distribution of charge - answerungated Ion
Channels
________ are determined by: Voltage dependent Na+ channels) & Chemically (e.g.
Nicotinic AcH receptor channels) - answerGated Ion Channels
Conductance depends on probability that channel is open. These are called
__________. - answerIon Channels
__________ is the diffusion potential that exactly balances or opposes the tendency for
diffusion down the concentration difference. - answerEquilibrium Potential
If a membrane were permeable to only K+ then K+ would diffuse down its concentration
gradient until the electrical potential across the membrane countered diffusion. (moving
from inside the cell down its concentration gradient to the outside of the cell). -
answer(blank)
