Nurs 8022 module 7 Cardiovascular
Artery vessels - answer Elastic arteries: Contain for elastic fibers. Absorb energy and
stretch
Muscular arteries: Contain fewer elastic fibers and more muscle fibers. Contract and
relax
Veins - answer Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; some
contain cup-like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent
blood from flowing backward. Muscle pump, pumps blood back to the hart. Do not recoil
as quickly as arteries after distention.
Capillaries - answerNutrients exchanges here
Substances move through
1. Junctions between endothelial cells
2. fenestrations (oval windows or pores)
3. vesicles moved by active transport
4. Diffusion
Blood flow into the capillary beds
1. Controlled by the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle bands (precapillary
sphincters) at the junctions between met arterioles and capillaries
Structure of blood vessels – answer Endothelium Role
1. transportation of substances
2. coagulation
3. antithrombogenesis and fibrinolysis
4. Immune system function
5. Tissue growth and wound healing
6. Vasomotion: contraction and relaxation of vessels
7 Performance of these vital functions through synthetic and the release of vasoactive
chemicals
Mediastinum - answerArea where the heart is located
Area above the diaphragm and between the lungs
heart wall - answer3 layers:
epicardium: Outer smooth layer
myocardium: Thickest layer of cardiac muscle
endocardium: Innermost layer
pericardium - answerthe double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
, Parietal: Surface layer
Visceral:Inner layer also called Epicardium
Pericardial Cavity - answerspace between parietal and visceral layers containing
pericardial fluid (20 ml)
Chambers of the heart - answer4 Chambers
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Atrium are separated by the interatrial septum
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum
Thickness of each chamber depends on the pressure of resistance it must overcome to
eject blood
great vessels - answerSuperior and inferior vena cava: Bring un-oxygenated blood from
the systemic circulation to the right atrium
Right and left pulmonary artery: Bring un-oxygenated blood from the right heart to the
right and left lungs. Branch into pulmonary capillaries
pulmonary veins: Carry Oxygenated blood from the lung to the left side of the heart
aorta: Delivers oxygenated blood to systemic vessels that supply the body
Cardiac cycle - answerOne contraction and one relaxation
Makes up one heart beat
Diastole - answerRelaxation
Ventricles fill
Systole - answerContraction
blood leaves the ventricles
phases of cardiac cycle - answerPhase 1: atrial systole or ventricular diastole
Phase 2: isovolumetric ventricular systole
Phase 3: ventricular ejection (semilunar valves open)
Phase 4: isovolumetric ventricular relaxation (aortic valve closes)
Phase 5: passive ventricular filling (mitral and tricuspid valves open)
Primer pumps of the heart - answeratria acts as a primer pump
80% of blood flows into the ventricle from atria before atrial systole
Atrial contraction causes an additional 20%
Artery vessels - answer Elastic arteries: Contain for elastic fibers. Absorb energy and
stretch
Muscular arteries: Contain fewer elastic fibers and more muscle fibers. Contract and
relax
Veins - answer Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; some
contain cup-like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent
blood from flowing backward. Muscle pump, pumps blood back to the hart. Do not recoil
as quickly as arteries after distention.
Capillaries - answerNutrients exchanges here
Substances move through
1. Junctions between endothelial cells
2. fenestrations (oval windows or pores)
3. vesicles moved by active transport
4. Diffusion
Blood flow into the capillary beds
1. Controlled by the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle bands (precapillary
sphincters) at the junctions between met arterioles and capillaries
Structure of blood vessels – answer Endothelium Role
1. transportation of substances
2. coagulation
3. antithrombogenesis and fibrinolysis
4. Immune system function
5. Tissue growth and wound healing
6. Vasomotion: contraction and relaxation of vessels
7 Performance of these vital functions through synthetic and the release of vasoactive
chemicals
Mediastinum - answerArea where the heart is located
Area above the diaphragm and between the lungs
heart wall - answer3 layers:
epicardium: Outer smooth layer
myocardium: Thickest layer of cardiac muscle
endocardium: Innermost layer
pericardium - answerthe double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
, Parietal: Surface layer
Visceral:Inner layer also called Epicardium
Pericardial Cavity - answerspace between parietal and visceral layers containing
pericardial fluid (20 ml)
Chambers of the heart - answer4 Chambers
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Atrium are separated by the interatrial septum
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum
Thickness of each chamber depends on the pressure of resistance it must overcome to
eject blood
great vessels - answerSuperior and inferior vena cava: Bring un-oxygenated blood from
the systemic circulation to the right atrium
Right and left pulmonary artery: Bring un-oxygenated blood from the right heart to the
right and left lungs. Branch into pulmonary capillaries
pulmonary veins: Carry Oxygenated blood from the lung to the left side of the heart
aorta: Delivers oxygenated blood to systemic vessels that supply the body
Cardiac cycle - answerOne contraction and one relaxation
Makes up one heart beat
Diastole - answerRelaxation
Ventricles fill
Systole - answerContraction
blood leaves the ventricles
phases of cardiac cycle - answerPhase 1: atrial systole or ventricular diastole
Phase 2: isovolumetric ventricular systole
Phase 3: ventricular ejection (semilunar valves open)
Phase 4: isovolumetric ventricular relaxation (aortic valve closes)
Phase 5: passive ventricular filling (mitral and tricuspid valves open)
Primer pumps of the heart - answeratria acts as a primer pump
80% of blood flows into the ventricle from atria before atrial systole
Atrial contraction causes an additional 20%
