CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
NEWEST 2025-2026 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
✅ Key Features
Newest 2025–2026 edition
Complete set of 160 exam-style questions
Correct, verified answers with detailed rationales
Covers essential topics, including:
o Cell structure and organelles
o Molecular biology processes: DNA replication, transcription, translation
o Cellular metabolism and energy production
o Signal transduction and cellular communication
o Genetic regulation and molecular genetics
Mirrors the difficulty and format of the actual final exam
Builds critical thinking, problem-solving, and exam readiness
🎯 Who This Resource Is For
Students preparing for Cellular and Molecular Biology Final Exams
Learners seeking detailed rationales to fully understand complex topics
Students aiming to boost exam performance and secure top grades
Anyone needing a refresher in advanced cellular and molecular biology
🧬 Cellular and Molecular Biology Final Exam 2025–2026 | 160 Verified Questions +
Detailed Answers with Rationales | Already Graded A+
Which of the following shows the correct order of genetic engineering steps?
A. Screening --> ligation --> restriction enzyme digestion --> transformation
B. Transformation --> screening --> Restriction enzyme digestion --> ligation
C. Restriction Enzyme digestion --> ligation --> transformation --> screening
D. Ligation --> transformation --> screening --> restriction enzyme digestion - answer-C
,Which of the following is NOT required for the PCR reaction?
A. dNTPs
B. Template DNA
C. Taq DNA polymerase
D. Restriction enzyme - answer-D
PCR reaction typically goes through cycles of three temperatures: 94C, 55C, and 72C. What happens
during the 95C step?
A. the two strands of DNA are being separated
B. Primers pair to the template
C. New DNAs are being synthesized
D. DNAs are being transcribed to make RNAs - answer-A
In biomedical history, vaccine production has evolved through four major approaches. Which of the
following is FALSE about the 2nd generation vaccines?
A. the vaccines were inactivated bacteria or viruses
B. the vaccines were prepared by cloning a gene into a viral DNA
C. the vaccines were also called subunit vaccine
D. the approach has been working pretty well - answer-A
One similarity between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerases is that
A. they both require a primer to start the synthesis
B. they both use helicase to open the template DNA
C. they both synthesize nucleic acid in the 5' --> 3' direction only
D. They both bind to promotor sites - answer-C
Eukaryotic cells have three RNA polymerases responsible for the transcription of four different types of
RNAs. Which of the following is a correct match of RNA polymerase and the transcribed RNAs?
A. RNA polymerase I- mRNAs
, B. RNA polymerase II- rRNAs
C. RNA polymerase III- miRNAs
D. RNA polymerase III- tRNAs - answer-D
In bacteria, transcription stops when
A. the sigma subunit dissociates from RNA polymerase
B. RNA polymerase reaches the promotor of the next gene
C. the transcribed RNA forms a GC hairpin
D. RNA polymerase passes a stretch of 150-250 adenosine nucleotides - answer-C
Transcription in eukaryotic cells utilizes many transcription factors that form complexes. In the lecture,
we talked about TFII complexes that work with RNA polymerase II. Which of the following is TRUE about
the TFIIH complex?
A. TFIIH is the fourth complex that binds to the template DNA
B. TFIIH binds to TATA box promotor
C. TFIIH opens the double stranded DNA
D. TFIIH phosphorylates RNA polymerase II - answer-D
Alternative splicing is
A. using RNAs from different genes to make recombinant transcripts
B. adding nucleotides to primary RNA transcript to generate different versions of mature mRNAs
C. using the primary RNA from the same gene to generate different versions of mature mRNAs
D. combining RNAs from several genes in order to produce a large protein complex - answer-C
As we all know that every three nucleotides form a genetic code for translation. Since there are four
nucleotides in mRNA, A, U, G, C, theoretically there should be total 4x4x4= 64 codes. But there are only
20 amino acids in nature. That is why there is a term called redundancy, which means
A. those extra codes are not used for translation
B. most amino acids use multiple codes
C. those extra codes are for mutated genes
NEWEST 2025-2026 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
✅ Key Features
Newest 2025–2026 edition
Complete set of 160 exam-style questions
Correct, verified answers with detailed rationales
Covers essential topics, including:
o Cell structure and organelles
o Molecular biology processes: DNA replication, transcription, translation
o Cellular metabolism and energy production
o Signal transduction and cellular communication
o Genetic regulation and molecular genetics
Mirrors the difficulty and format of the actual final exam
Builds critical thinking, problem-solving, and exam readiness
🎯 Who This Resource Is For
Students preparing for Cellular and Molecular Biology Final Exams
Learners seeking detailed rationales to fully understand complex topics
Students aiming to boost exam performance and secure top grades
Anyone needing a refresher in advanced cellular and molecular biology
🧬 Cellular and Molecular Biology Final Exam 2025–2026 | 160 Verified Questions +
Detailed Answers with Rationales | Already Graded A+
Which of the following shows the correct order of genetic engineering steps?
A. Screening --> ligation --> restriction enzyme digestion --> transformation
B. Transformation --> screening --> Restriction enzyme digestion --> ligation
C. Restriction Enzyme digestion --> ligation --> transformation --> screening
D. Ligation --> transformation --> screening --> restriction enzyme digestion - answer-C
,Which of the following is NOT required for the PCR reaction?
A. dNTPs
B. Template DNA
C. Taq DNA polymerase
D. Restriction enzyme - answer-D
PCR reaction typically goes through cycles of three temperatures: 94C, 55C, and 72C. What happens
during the 95C step?
A. the two strands of DNA are being separated
B. Primers pair to the template
C. New DNAs are being synthesized
D. DNAs are being transcribed to make RNAs - answer-A
In biomedical history, vaccine production has evolved through four major approaches. Which of the
following is FALSE about the 2nd generation vaccines?
A. the vaccines were inactivated bacteria or viruses
B. the vaccines were prepared by cloning a gene into a viral DNA
C. the vaccines were also called subunit vaccine
D. the approach has been working pretty well - answer-A
One similarity between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerases is that
A. they both require a primer to start the synthesis
B. they both use helicase to open the template DNA
C. they both synthesize nucleic acid in the 5' --> 3' direction only
D. They both bind to promotor sites - answer-C
Eukaryotic cells have three RNA polymerases responsible for the transcription of four different types of
RNAs. Which of the following is a correct match of RNA polymerase and the transcribed RNAs?
A. RNA polymerase I- mRNAs
, B. RNA polymerase II- rRNAs
C. RNA polymerase III- miRNAs
D. RNA polymerase III- tRNAs - answer-D
In bacteria, transcription stops when
A. the sigma subunit dissociates from RNA polymerase
B. RNA polymerase reaches the promotor of the next gene
C. the transcribed RNA forms a GC hairpin
D. RNA polymerase passes a stretch of 150-250 adenosine nucleotides - answer-C
Transcription in eukaryotic cells utilizes many transcription factors that form complexes. In the lecture,
we talked about TFII complexes that work with RNA polymerase II. Which of the following is TRUE about
the TFIIH complex?
A. TFIIH is the fourth complex that binds to the template DNA
B. TFIIH binds to TATA box promotor
C. TFIIH opens the double stranded DNA
D. TFIIH phosphorylates RNA polymerase II - answer-D
Alternative splicing is
A. using RNAs from different genes to make recombinant transcripts
B. adding nucleotides to primary RNA transcript to generate different versions of mature mRNAs
C. using the primary RNA from the same gene to generate different versions of mature mRNAs
D. combining RNAs from several genes in order to produce a large protein complex - answer-C
As we all know that every three nucleotides form a genetic code for translation. Since there are four
nucleotides in mRNA, A, U, G, C, theoretically there should be total 4x4x4= 64 codes. But there are only
20 amino acids in nature. That is why there is a term called redundancy, which means
A. those extra codes are not used for translation
B. most amino acids use multiple codes
C. those extra codes are for mutated genes
