NTR 454/554 Final Exam Questions with Detailed Verified Answers

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NTR 454/554 Final Exam Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers

Question: Which of the following are included in the "Five Freedoms"
that describe an animal's fundamental needs?
Select one or more:
a.Freedom from fear and distress
b.Freedom from death other than natural causes
c.Freedom from discomfort
d.Freedom to organize and strike
e.Freedom to engage in normal patterns of animal behavior
f.Freedom to roam without barriers
g.Freedom from Thirst, hunger and malnutrition
h.Freedom from pain, injury, and disease

Ans✅ ✅: Freedom from Thirst, hunger and malnutrition, Freedom from discomfort,
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease, Freedom from fear and distress, Freedom to
engage in normal patterns of animal behavior

Question: _______________ is the material received during the first
few milkings that is held back from the market and fed to the calves.

a. Colostrum
b. Dilute milk
c. Areola
d. Sweet milk

Ans✅ ✅: a. Colostrum

Question: The primary source of carbohydrate in cow's milk is
______________.

a. Oligosaccharides
b. Maltose
c. Sucrose
d. Lactose

Ans✅ ✅: d. Lactose

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Question: Which of the following components is NOT found
predominantly in the aqueous (water-soluble) phase of the milk?

a. Vitamin A
b. alpha-lactalbumin
c. Vitamin C
d. Sodium

Ans✅ ✅: a. Vitamin A

Question: The cells responsible for *milk secretion* are the
_____________.

a. myoepithelial cells
b. secretory vesicles
c. secretion cells
d. epithelial cells

Ans✅ ✅: d. epithelial cells

Question: Jessica and James recently had a baby named Sarah who
was born prematurely at 28 weeks of gestation. Sarah is being cared for
in the neonatal intensive care unit and is being fed her mother's own
milk. How is Jessica's milk specially tailored for Sarah's nutritional needs
during this time of prematurity?

a. There is no difference between Jessica's milk and milk from a mother
who gave birth to a baby at term.

b. The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and
calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term.

c. The milk has higher levels of lactose and fat and lower calories than
milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term.

d. The milk has lower calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to
a baby at term because premature infants do not require as dense a
nutrient source as a term infant

Ans✅ ✅: b. The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and
calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term.

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Question: Milk is produced and stored in the ______________.

a. stroma
b. alveoli
c. myoepithilial cells
d. areola

Ans✅ ✅: b. alveoli

Question: The onset of milk secretion is called _____________.

a. lactogenesis
b. involution
c. lactoferrin
d. mammogenesis

Ans✅ ✅: a. lactogenesis

Question: (T/F) - Colostrum contains a higher concentration of
immunoglobulins than most later milk.

Ans✅ ✅: True

Question: (T/F) - Most of the fat in milk is surrounded by a material
that closely resembles cell membrane.

Ans✅ ✅: True

Question: (T/F) - There is a greater abundance of whey proteins in
cow's milk than casein proteins.

Ans✅ ✅: False

Question: (T/F) - Cow's milk contains all of the essential amino acids.

Ans✅ ✅: True

Question: (T/F) - Percent fat content of milk varies with species.

Ans✅ ✅: True

Question: (T/F) - Water is not a major component of milk.

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Ans✅ ✅: False

Question: (T/F) - During lactation, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids,
and minerals are extracted from the bloodstream by the mammary gland.

Ans✅ ✅: True

Question: Match the lactation related function with the most
appropriate hormone.
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone

Maintenance of pregnancy and the development of the milk-secreting
cells in the breast

Ans✅ ✅: Progesterone

Question: Match the lactation related function with the most
appropriate hormone.
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone

Signals breast to make milk

Ans✅ ✅: Prolactin

Question: Match the lactation related function with the most
appropriate hormone.

Causes the myoepithelial cells to contract during letdown:

a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone

Ans✅ ✅: Oxytocin